﻿APR. 
  4, 
  1922 
  brouwer: 
  tectonic 
  features 
  dutch 
  east 
  indies 
  18-3 
  

  

  ment. 
  If 
  the 
  forces 
  which 
  cause 
  the 
  movement 
  are 
  deep-seated 
  and 
  if 
  

   the 
  crust 
  near 
  the 
  surface 
  does 
  not 
  respond 
  to 
  the 
  direct 
  influence 
  of 
  the 
  

   compressional 
  stress, 
  displacements 
  near 
  the 
  surface 
  will 
  result 
  from 
  

   the 
  more 
  plastic 
  deformation 
  at 
  greater 
  depth. 
  While 
  important 
  

   horizontal 
  movements 
  are 
  taking 
  place 
  in 
  the 
  zone 
  of 
  plastic 
  deforma- 
  

   tion, 
  the 
  superficial 
  parts 
  may 
  move 
  with 
  much 
  less 
  velocity. 
  

  

  If 
  the 
  superficial 
  parts 
  are 
  bent, 
  whether 
  in 
  a 
  vertical 
  or 
  horizontal 
  

   plane, 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  tendency 
  to 
  produce 
  gaping 
  fissures 
  upon 
  the 
  convex 
  

   side 
  of 
  the 
  bend, 
  while 
  there 
  is 
  compression 
  upon 
  the 
  concave 
  side. 
  

   Some 
  of 
  the 
  fissures 
  in 
  the 
  Archipelago 
  may 
  be 
  of 
  this 
  origin, 
  and 
  many 
  

   have 
  been 
  explained 
  in 
  this 
  way, 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  basins 
  of 
  central 
  Celebes, 
  

   which 
  are 
  arranged 
  in 
  straight 
  lines, 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  parallel 
  to 
  the 
  geanti- 
  

   clinal 
  axes. 
  If 
  studied 
  in 
  plan, 
  the 
  same 
  principles 
  are 
  applicable 
  

   and 
  perhaps 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  straits 
  between 
  the 
  islands 
  of 
  an 
  arc 
  have 
  been 
  

   formed 
  in 
  this 
  way. 
  Considerable 
  transverse 
  fractures, 
  however, 
  

   which 
  occur 
  at 
  many 
  places 
  near 
  the 
  bending-points 
  of 
  the 
  geanticlinal 
  

   axis, 
  can 
  be 
  explained 
  by 
  difference 
  in 
  velocity 
  of 
  horizontal 
  movement 
  

   for 
  neighboring 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  fold 
  along 
  the 
  axis. 
  In 
  the 
  same 
  way 
  

   important 
  longitudinal 
  fissures 
  can 
  be 
  explained 
  by 
  the 
  difference 
  in 
  

   velocity 
  of 
  neighboring 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  geanticline 
  considered 
  in 
  a 
  vertical 
  

   plane 
  at 
  right 
  angles 
  to 
  the 
  geanticlinal 
  axis. 
  The 
  morphological 
  

   aspect 
  of 
  the 
  surface 
  will 
  be 
  controlled 
  chiefly 
  by 
  the 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  

   horizontal 
  movements 
  on 
  transverse 
  fault 
  planes, 
  the 
  gaping 
  transverse 
  

   fissures 
  on 
  these 
  planes 
  the 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  vertical 
  movement 
  on 
  longi- 
  

   tudinal 
  faults, 
  and 
  the 
  gaping 
  longitudinal 
  fissures 
  on 
  these 
  faults. 
  

   The 
  movements 
  along 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  horizontal 
  fault-planes 
  will 
  not 
  be 
  of 
  

   much 
  importance 
  for 
  the 
  major 
  morphological 
  structure 
  and 
  will 
  

   receive 
  no 
  further 
  consideration. 
  

  

  Typical 
  examples 
  of 
  transverse 
  fractures 
  near 
  the 
  bending-points 
  

   of 
  a 
  geanticlinal 
  axis 
  where 
  it 
  has 
  moved 
  forward 
  horizontally 
  are 
  

   Sunda 
  Strait 
  between 
  Java 
  and 
  Sumatra, 
  the 
  strait 
  between 
  Timor 
  and 
  

   Rotti, 
  and 
  the 
  narrow 
  strait 
  between 
  the 
  main 
  island 
  of 
  Rotti 
  and 
  the 
  

   peninsula 
  of 
  Landu. 
  To 
  the 
  east 
  of 
  Timor 
  the 
  small 
  Island 
  of 
  Kisser 
  

   which 
  is 
  surrounded 
  by 
  deep 
  seas 
  and 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  neighborhood 
  of 
  a 
  bend- 
  

   ing 
  point 
  between 
  east 
  Timor 
  and 
  the 
  Sermata 
  Islands 
  occupies 
  a 
  

   northern, 
  non-harmonic 
  position. 
  Farther 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  the 
  Babber 
  

   group, 
  which 
  consists 
  of 
  small 
  islands 
  with 
  high 
  reefs, 
  is 
  separated 
  by 
  a 
  

   considerable 
  gap 
  from 
  the 
  islands 
  of 
  the 
  Tenimber 
  group. 
  The 
  

   narrow 
  strait 
  between 
  Muna 
  and 
  Buton 
  and 
  the 
  straits 
  between 
  other 
  

  

  