﻿JUNE 
  4, 
  1922 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  : 
  PHILOSOPHICAL 
  SOCIETY 
  271 
  

  

  to 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  Ocean. 
  The 
  main 
  object 
  of 
  the 
  Expedition 
  was 
  to 
  study 
  the 
  

   physical 
  conditions 
  of 
  the 
  Polar 
  Sea, 
  but 
  along 
  with 
  the 
  oceanographical 
  work, 
  

   a 
  number 
  of 
  other 
  observations, 
  mostly 
  of 
  geophysical 
  interest, 
  were 
  to 
  be 
  

   carried 
  out. 
  However, 
  the 
  Expedition 
  was 
  forced 
  by 
  the 
  ice 
  conditions 
  to 
  

   winter 
  three 
  times 
  in 
  different 
  places 
  on 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Siberia. 
  

  

  The 
  first 
  wintering 
  took 
  place 
  close 
  to 
  Cape 
  Chelyuskin, 
  the 
  north 
  point 
  

   of 
  the 
  Asiatic 
  continent. 
  During 
  this 
  winter, 
  registrations 
  of 
  the 
  meteoro- 
  

   logical 
  elements, 
  the 
  magnetic 
  declination 
  and 
  the 
  tides 
  were 
  secured. 
  A 
  

   tidal 
  gage, 
  adapted 
  to 
  the 
  special 
  conditions 
  met 
  with, 
  was 
  made 
  on 
  board. 
  

   Numerous 
  direct 
  observations 
  were 
  also 
  made. 
  The 
  difficulties 
  in 
  observ- 
  

   ing 
  at 
  low 
  temperatures 
  did 
  not 
  arise 
  so 
  much 
  from 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  the 
  cold 
  upon 
  

   the 
  observer, 
  who 
  could 
  dress 
  conveniently, 
  as 
  from 
  the 
  effects 
  upon 
  the 
  in- 
  

   struments, 
  particularly 
  the 
  inevitable 
  formation 
  of 
  frost 
  upon 
  eye-pieces 
  and 
  

   verniers. 
  In 
  the 
  spring 
  the 
  Chelyuskin 
  Peninsula 
  was 
  explored 
  on 
  sledge 
  

   trips 
  covering 
  over 
  1000 
  miles. 
  

  

  When 
  leaving 
  Cape 
  Chelyuskin, 
  Captain 
  Amundsen 
  decided 
  to 
  send 
  all 
  

   observations 
  home 
  with 
  two 
  men, 
  who 
  were 
  to 
  bring 
  them 
  to 
  the 
  nearest 
  

   settlement, 
  a 
  Russian 
  wireless 
  station 
  at 
  Dickson 
  Island. 
  These 
  men 
  lost 
  

   their 
  lives. 
  All 
  records 
  from 
  the 
  self 
  -registering 
  instruments 
  are 
  lost 
  with 
  

   them, 
  but 
  copies 
  of 
  all 
  absolute 
  observations 
  exist. 
  

  

  The 
  second 
  wintering 
  took 
  place 
  at 
  Ayon 
  Island, 
  700 
  miles 
  west 
  of 
  Bering 
  

   Strait. 
  The 
  speaker 
  spent 
  the 
  winter 
  among 
  the 
  natives, 
  a 
  group 
  of 
  the 
  

   Chukchi 
  tribe, 
  gathering 
  information 
  of 
  ethnological 
  interest. 
  Magnetic 
  

   observations 
  were 
  taken 
  at 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  stations 
  from 
  Kolyma 
  River 
  to 
  Bering 
  

   Strait, 
  and 
  meteorological 
  and 
  tidal 
  registrations 
  and 
  observations 
  were 
  

   kept 
  up 
  on 
  board 
  the 
  "Maud." 
  

  

  After 
  a 
  call 
  at 
  Nome 
  in 
  July, 
  1920, 
  the 
  "Maud" 
  was 
  frozen 
  in 
  for 
  the 
  third 
  

   time, 
  only 
  80 
  miles 
  west 
  of 
  Bering 
  Strait. 
  During 
  the 
  winter, 
  additional 
  

   information 
  about 
  the 
  natives 
  was 
  secured 
  on 
  a 
  two 
  and 
  one-half 
  month's 
  

   sledge 
  trip 
  along 
  the 
  coast; 
  the 
  series 
  of 
  magnetic 
  stations 
  was 
  extended 
  to 
  

   Holy 
  Cross 
  Bay, 
  and 
  registrations 
  were 
  kept 
  up 
  on 
  board. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  summer 
  of 
  1921, 
  the 
  vessel 
  of 
  the 
  Expedition 
  had 
  to 
  be 
  sailed 
  to 
  

   Seattle 
  for 
  repairs. 
  Capt. 
  Amundsen 
  intends 
  to 
  start 
  out 
  from 
  Seattle 
  

   in 
  June, 
  1922, 
  and 
  will 
  once 
  more 
  try 
  to 
  penetrate 
  to 
  the 
  drifting 
  ice 
  fields 
  in 
  

   order 
  to 
  accomplish 
  the 
  drift 
  across 
  the 
  Polar 
  Sea. 
  

  

  864th 
  meeting 
  

  

  The 
  864th 
  meeting 
  was 
  held 
  at 
  the 
  Cosmos 
  Club 
  March 
  25, 
  1922, 
  with 
  

   President 
  Crittenden 
  in 
  the 
  chair, 
  and 
  35 
  persons 
  in 
  attendance. 
  

  

  The 
  President 
  announced 
  that 
  the 
  Recording 
  Secretary 
  expected 
  to 
  be 
  

   absent 
  from 
  Washington 
  until 
  July, 
  1922, 
  and 
  that 
  Mr. 
  H. 
  A. 
  Marmer 
  had 
  

   been 
  designated 
  to 
  act 
  as 
  Secretary 
  pro 
  tern 
  during 
  this 
  period. 
  Program: 
  

  

  C. 
  O. 
  Fairchii.d 
  and 
  W. 
  H. 
  Hoover: 
  A 
  disappearing 
  filament 
  optical 
  py- 
  

   rometer 
  free 
  from 
  diffraction 
  effects 
  at 
  the 
  filament 
  (illustrated, 
  presented 
  by 
  

   Mr. 
  Fairchild). 
  It 
  was 
  discussed 
  by 
  Messrs. 
  Crittenden 
  and 
  Humphreys. 
  

  

  (Author's 
  abstract.) 
  This 
  pyrometer 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  telescope 
  or 
  microscope 
  

   in 
  the 
  focal 
  plane 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  a 
  small 
  electric 
  lamp. 
  To 
  estimate 
  tempera- 
  

   ture 
  of 
  an 
  object, 
  its 
  brightness 
  is 
  matched 
  with 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  lamp 
  filament 
  by 
  

   adjusting 
  the 
  current 
  through 
  the 
  lamp. 
  An 
  equation 
  such 
  as 
  I 
  = 
  a 
  + 
  bt 
  

   -f- 
  ct^ 
  may 
  be 
  used 
  to 
  interpret 
  current 
  values. 
  

  

  For 
  measuring 
  high 
  temperatures 
  this 
  pyrometer 
  is 
  particularly 
  suited, 
  but 
  

   one 
  of 
  its 
  supposed 
  faults, 
  and 
  a 
  source 
  of 
  uncertainty 
  in 
  its 
  accuracy, 
  has 
  

  

  