﻿APR. 
  4, 
  1922 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  : 
  BIOLOGICAL 
  SOCIETY 
  189 
  

  

  1910, 
  and 
  these 
  have 
  flourished. 
  200 
  skins 
  have 
  been 
  marketed 
  in 
  the 
  last 
  

   two 
  years. 
  Dr. 
  R. 
  W. 
  Shufeldt 
  exhibited 
  two 
  new 
  books, 
  (1) 
  Early 
  Annals 
  of 
  

   Ornitholog}^ 
  by 
  John 
  H. 
  Gurney, 
  containing 
  quotations 
  from 
  early 
  literature. 
  

   (2) 
  Life 
  of 
  Samuel 
  White, 
  by 
  his 
  son, 
  Capt. 
  S. 
  A. 
  White. 
  Mr. 
  F. 
  C. 
  Lincoln 
  

   stated 
  that 
  one 
  of 
  a 
  hundred 
  common 
  tern 
  which 
  were 
  banded 
  in 
  Eastern 
  

   Rock, 
  Maine, 
  on 
  July 
  3, 
  1913, 
  was 
  found 
  floating 
  upon 
  the 
  Nile 
  River, 
  Africa, 
  

   in 
  August, 
  1917. 
  This 
  record 
  points 
  to 
  the 
  possible 
  identity, 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  

   •questioned, 
  of 
  the 
  European 
  and 
  American 
  Common 
  Tern. 
  Dr. 
  R. 
  E. 
  Coker 
  

   announced 
  a 
  3 
  day 
  conference 
  to 
  be 
  held 
  in 
  June 
  at 
  Fairport, 
  Iowa, 
  on 
  con- 
  

   servation 
  of 
  life 
  in 
  inland 
  waters, 
  under 
  the 
  chairmanship 
  of 
  Dr. 
  S. 
  A. 
  Forbes. 
  

   Great 
  interest 
  and 
  appreciation 
  of 
  the 
  problems 
  involved 
  is 
  already 
  apparent. 
  

   Mr. 
  Libbey 
  stated 
  that 
  during 
  the 
  da}^ 
  Bicknell's 
  Thrash 
  had 
  been 
  seen, 
  and 
  

   Rose-breasted 
  Grosbeaks 
  were 
  feeding 
  upon 
  oak 
  galls. 
  Dr. 
  T. 
  S. 
  Palmer 
  

   stated 
  that 
  while 
  Bicknell's 
  Thrush 
  undoubtedly 
  passes 
  through 
  the 
  District 
  

   of 
  Columbia, 
  it 
  had 
  never 
  before 
  been 
  seen. 
  It 
  was 
  described 
  from 
  Colombia 
  

   many 
  years 
  before 
  Bicknell 
  was 
  born. 
  Dr. 
  Palmer 
  made 
  a 
  minute 
  upon 
  the 
  

   death 
  of 
  Mr. 
  William 
  Palmer, 
  born 
  in 
  England 
  in 
  August 
  1S56, 
  died 
  in 
  New 
  

   York 
  City, 
  April 
  8, 
  1921. 
  He 
  was 
  appointed 
  taxidermist 
  in 
  the 
  National 
  

   Museum 
  at 
  the 
  age 
  of 
  18, 
  where 
  much 
  of 
  his 
  work 
  exists. 
  He 
  was 
  on 
  many 
  

   extended 
  tours, 
  and 
  was 
  a 
  member 
  of 
  the 
  Council 
  of 
  the 
  Society 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  

   his 
  decease. 
  

  

  Formal 
  Comnninicatiofis: 
  F. 
  G. 
  Ashbrook, 
  Recent 
  notes 
  on 
  the 
  Jur 
  trade 
  in 
  

   the 
  United 
  States. 
  He 
  said 
  in 
  part: 
  Prior 
  to 
  the 
  World 
  W^ar 
  the 
  world's 
  

   fur 
  market 
  was 
  in 
  London. 
  St. 
  Louis 
  and 
  New 
  York 
  now 
  are 
  the 
  fur 
  centers. 
  

   The 
  value 
  of 
  the 
  raw 
  skins 
  ranges 
  from 
  1-7 
  millions 
  annuallv. 
  In 
  1920 
  the 
  

   finished 
  value 
  was 
  $84,000,000; 
  exports 
  were 
  $34,000,000'. 
  The 
  turnout 
  

   during 
  the 
  1920 
  fur 
  sale 
  in 
  1921 
  will 
  be 
  $352,000,000 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  taxes 
  will 
  

   be 
  $1.5,000,000. 
  Thus 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  a 
  once 
  neglected 
  industry: 
  Fur 
  bearing 
  

   animals 
  are 
  little 
  protected 
  by 
  general 
  agitation 
  among 
  the 
  public. 
  It 
  re- 
  

   quires 
  legislation 
  which 
  preser^^es 
  the 
  game 
  without 
  destroying 
  the 
  trade. 
  

   vSince 
  25% 
  of 
  the 
  skins 
  are 
  unprime, 
  the 
  seasons 
  should 
  be 
  properly 
  limited 
  and 
  

   trappers 
  licensed. 
  Reports 
  should 
  be 
  made 
  under 
  oath, 
  and 
  licenses 
  should 
  

   be 
  denied 
  or 
  cancelled 
  upon 
  occasion. 
  Certain 
  regions 
  should 
  at 
  times 
  

   be 
  closed, 
  with 
  proper 
  protection 
  to 
  farmers 
  against 
  enemies. 
  The 
  laxity 
  

   of 
  enforcement 
  of 
  laws 
  in 
  some 
  states 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  deplored. 
  Rearing 
  and 
  stocking 
  

   is 
  to 
  be 
  encouraged; 
  it 
  is 
  successful 
  when 
  intelligently 
  done. 
  There 
  are 
  500 
  

   persons 
  in 
  the 
  LTnited 
  States 
  breeding 
  animals 
  for 
  their 
  skins. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Ashbrook's 
  paper 
  was 
  discussed 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Doolittle 
  and 
  Dr. 
  Palmer. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  S. 
  a. 
  Rohwer: 
  Injurious 
  and 
  beneficial 
  insect 
  galls. 
  He 
  said: 
  A 
  gall 
  

   is 
  a 
  malformation 
  in 
  plant 
  tissue 
  made 
  in 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  insect 
  

   larvae. 
  Galls 
  may 
  be 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  irritation 
  of 
  oviposition 
  or 
  to 
  some 
  enzyme 
  

   or 
  both. 
  In 
  either 
  case 
  the 
  insect 
  has 
  abundant 
  nourishment. 
  The 
  galls 
  made 
  

   by 
  different 
  insects 
  are 
  characteristic. 
  Galls 
  have 
  furnished 
  topics 
  for 
  poems 
  

   and 
  other 
  literature. 
  Their 
  use 
  in 
  medicine 
  is 
  based 
  largely 
  upon 
  supersti- 
  

   tion, 
  but 
  they 
  are 
  a 
  source 
  of 
  astringents. 
  

  

  As 
  related 
  to 
  man 
  some 
  galls 
  are 
  slightly 
  or 
  not 
  at 
  all 
  injurious 
  to 
  plants 
  

   in 
  which 
  he 
  is 
  interested. 
  vSuch 
  are 
  the 
  Cynipid 
  galls 
  on 
  oak 
  leaves, 
  and 
  

   many 
  others 
  on 
  roots 
  and 
  twigs. 
  The 
  beneficial 
  aspect 
  of 
  galls 
  is 
  recent. 
  

   They 
  are 
  the 
  basis 
  of 
  some 
  dyes, 
  and 
  all 
  permanent 
  black 
  inks 
  of 
  United 
  States 
  

   and 
  Europe. 
  The 
  superiority 
  of 
  London 
  seal 
  skins 
  over 
  Paris 
  skins 
  was 
  due 
  

   to 
  the 
  Aleppo 
  gall 
  from 
  Turkey. 
  A 
  Chinese 
  gall 
  produced 
  by 
  aphids 
  on 
  Rhus 
  

  

  