﻿158 
  JOURNAL 
  OF 
  THE 
  WASHINGTON 
  ACADEMY 
  OF 
  SCIENCES 
  VOL. 
  12, 
  NO. 
  6 
  

  

  spective 
  psychology 
  is 
  often 
  designated 
  as 
  structural 
  psychology. 
  

   That 
  the 
  qualities 
  and 
  the 
  structural 
  coherences 
  of 
  consciousness 
  are 
  

   capable 
  of 
  existing 
  in 
  their 
  own 
  right 
  is 
  certainly 
  a 
  reasonable 
  supposi- 
  

   tion, 
  since 
  the 
  very 
  idea 
  of 
  existence 
  must 
  inevitably 
  rest 
  upon 
  the 
  

   demonstrable 
  reality 
  of 
  these 
  data 
  of 
  experience 
  . 
  Another 
  similarly 
  spe- 
  

   cious 
  difficulty 
  appears 
  in 
  the 
  persuasion 
  that 
  the 
  panpsychic 
  extension 
  

   of 
  consciousness 
  to 
  correspond 
  not 
  only 
  with 
  brain 
  processes 
  but 
  with 
  

   all 
  material 
  systems 
  makes 
  the 
  universe 
  unduly 
  complex 
  ; 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  

   doctrine 
  seems 
  liable 
  to 
  succumb 
  to 
  the 
  onslaughts 
  of 
  Occam's 
  razor. 
  

   This 
  objection 
  is 
  specious 
  because 
  psychical 
  monism, 
  unlike 
  dualistic 
  

   panpsychisms, 
  does 
  not 
  add 
  consciousness 
  to 
  the 
  equation 
  of 
  matter 
  

   but 
  substitutes 
  it 
  within 
  this 
  equation. 
  The 
  resulting 
  system 
  is 
  

   therefore 
  of 
  exactly 
  the 
  same 
  degree 
  of 
  complexity 
  as 
  that 
  of 
  physical 
  

   science 
  and 
  the 
  latter 
  has 
  vanished 
  from 
  the 
  metaphysical 
  arena 
  

   completely, 
  appearing 
  now 
  merely 
  as 
  stage 
  of 
  reasoning 
  — 
  like 
  those 
  

   of 
  pure 
  mathematics 
  within 
  physics 
  alone 
  — 
  leading 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  final 
  

   account 
  of 
  things. 
  The 
  psychical 
  monist's 
  system 
  is, 
  as 
  a 
  matter 
  of 
  

   fact, 
  much 
  simpler 
  than 
  any 
  materialistic 
  scheme 
  which 
  acknowledges 
  

   all 
  of 
  the 
  data 
  of 
  experience, 
  for 
  all 
  such 
  schemes 
  inevitably 
  demand 
  

   dualism 
  and 
  reduplication 
  of 
  factors 
  wherever 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  con- 
  

   sciousness 
  can 
  be 
  demonstrated. 
  For 
  psychical 
  monism, 
  on 
  the 
  

   other 
  hand, 
  all 
  demonstrable 
  fields 
  of 
  consciousness 
  are 
  merely 
  inter- 
  

   locking 
  parts 
  of 
  a 
  system 
  which 
  in 
  its 
  totality 
  is 
  no 
  more 
  intricate 
  

   than 
  a 
  materialistic 
  system 
  which 
  excludes 
  all 
  considerations 
  of 
  con- 
  

   sciousness. 
  

  

  In 
  reality, 
  the 
  complete 
  psychical 
  system 
  is 
  probably 
  even 
  simpler 
  

   than 
  this. 
  The 
  physicist 
  thinks 
  of 
  each 
  component 
  electron 
  or 
  proton 
  

   in 
  his 
  system 
  as 
  retaining 
  its 
  discreteness 
  or 
  individuality 
  regardless 
  

   of 
  the 
  relations 
  of 
  combination 
  into 
  which 
  it 
  enters 
  with 
  others. 
  Syn- 
  

   thesis, 
  for 
  the 
  physicist, 
  is 
  not 
  of 
  the 
  elements 
  themselves 
  but 
  only 
  

   of 
  the 
  structures, 
  which 
  are 
  condensed 
  in 
  space 
  and 
  increased 
  in 
  stabil- 
  

   ity. 
  There 
  is 
  convincing 
  evidence, 
  however, 
  that 
  atoms 
  of 
  mind- 
  

   stuff 
  do 
  not 
  behave 
  in 
  this 
  way, 
  and 
  that 
  when 
  they 
  combine 
  they 
  

   actually 
  fuse 
  — 
  in 
  varying 
  degrees 
  according 
  to 
  circumstances 
  and 
  

   partially 
  — 
  or, 
  in 
  the 
  limit, 
  wholly 
  — 
  -lose 
  their 
  identity. 
  Such 
  fusion 
  

   results 
  in 
  the 
  generation 
  of 
  a 
  new 
  over-all 
  "form 
  quality" 
  of 
  the 
  re- 
  

   sulting 
  integral 
  which 
  is 
  the 
  conservation 
  index 
  of 
  or 
  compensation 
  

   for 
  the 
  sacrificed 
  discreteness 
  of 
  the 
  combined 
  elements. 
  This 
  is 
  

   real 
  synthesis, 
  and 
  while 
  it 
  increases 
  the 
  qualitative 
  diversity 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  