﻿348 
  JOURNAL 
  OF 
  THE 
  WASHINGTON 
  ACADEMY 
  OF 
  SCIENCES 
  VOL. 
  12, 
  NO. 
  15 
  

  

  rally 
  segregated, 
  and 
  there 
  to 
  study 
  their 
  electrical 
  and 
  gravitative 
  

   effects. 
  And 
  yet 
  at 
  the 
  Hawaiian 
  volcanoes 
  copper 
  and 
  iron 
  sulfates 
  

   and 
  iron 
  oxides 
  are 
  visibly 
  concentrating, 
  the 
  magnetic 
  declination 
  

   values 
  are 
  various 
  in 
  an 
  absurdly 
  aberrant 
  fashion, 
  and 
  the 
  gravity 
  

   phenomena 
  of 
  the 
  heavy 
  basaltic 
  mountains 
  are 
  known 
  to 
  be 
  extraor- 
  

   dinary. 
  All 
  of 
  this 
  may 
  be 
  the 
  key 
  to 
  Mesabi 
  iron 
  and 
  Keweenawan 
  

   copper, 
  in 
  ancient 
  volcanic 
  lands, 
  but 
  never 
  an 
  expert 
  from 
  those 
  

   mines 
  has 
  come 
  to 
  Hawaii 
  to 
  find 
  out. 
  

  

  OBSERVATORIES 
  VERSUS 
  EXPEDITIONS 
  

  

  The 
  economic 
  motive 
  is 
  apt 
  to 
  come 
  to 
  the 
  front. 
  Direct 
  service 
  

   to 
  mankind 
  is 
  the 
  measure 
  of 
  success. 
  If 
  this 
  test 
  is 
  applied 
  in 
  the 
  

   case 
  of 
  geology 
  vs. 
  geophysics, 
  the 
  customary 
  alignment 
  which 
  places 
  

   geology 
  first 
  (as 
  explaining 
  coal, 
  petroleum 
  and 
  iron) 
  may 
  be 
  defective. 
  

   The 
  Mississippi 
  river 
  syvStem 
  means 
  more 
  to 
  more 
  people 
  than 
  the 
  

   succession 
  of 
  strata 
  in 
  the 
  Illinois 
  coal 
  fields. 
  Yet 
  we 
  know 
  the 
  Illi- 
  

   nois 
  coal 
  fields, 
  and 
  no 
  man 
  living 
  knows 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  river 
  system. 
  

   The 
  bogs 
  may 
  be 
  making 
  coal. 
  No 
  man 
  knows 
  the 
  bogs. 
  So 
  we 
  

   could 
  run 
  through 
  the 
  category 
  of 
  shore-lines, 
  sea-bottoms, 
  mountain 
  

   streams, 
  glaciers, 
  springs, 
  deserts, 
  sand 
  dunes, 
  deltas, 
  tide 
  flats, 
  vol- 
  

   canoes, 
  and 
  snowy 
  peaks 
  and 
  show 
  that 
  no 
  one 
  knows 
  the 
  processes 
  

   now 
  going 
  on, 
  now 
  changing 
  and 
  moving 
  these 
  things, 
  in 
  the 
  sense 
  

   of 
  having 
  measured 
  them 
  in 
  relation 
  to 
  the 
  passage 
  of 
  time. 
  Just 
  

   as 
  a 
  volcano 
  occasionally 
  reaches 
  a 
  crisis, 
  so 
  it 
  is 
  with 
  a 
  peak, 
  a 
  glacier 
  

   or 
  a 
  delta; 
  except 
  by 
  hearsay, 
  no 
  one 
  knows 
  these 
  critical 
  points 
  or 
  

   their 
  controls. 
  The 
  peak 
  may 
  be 
  breaking 
  down, 
  the 
  glacier 
  reaching 
  

   a 
  pressure 
  limit, 
  and 
  the 
  delta 
  a 
  limit 
  of 
  weight 
  or 
  height. 
  An 
  engi- 
  

   neer 
  with 
  a 
  ten 
  million 
  dollar 
  contract 
  dependent 
  on 
  knowing 
  such 
  

   rate 
  of 
  change 
  would 
  spend 
  ten 
  years, 
  if 
  need 
  be, 
  to 
  measure 
  it. 
  

  

  One 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  striking 
  developments 
  of 
  continuous 
  measurement 
  

   at 
  the 
  Hawaiian 
  volcanoes 
  is 
  the 
  revelation 
  of 
  rhythmic 
  recurrences. 
  

   There 
  are 
  tides 
  in 
  the 
  lava 
  with 
  maxima 
  near 
  midnight, 
  a 
  systematic 
  

   upheaval 
  of 
  the 
  solid 
  crater 
  floor 
  by 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  feet 
  every 
  night. 
  

   There 
  are 
  weekly, 
  monthly 
  and 
  semi-annual 
  culminations. 
  There 
  

   are 
  cycles 
  of 
  about 
  9 
  years' 
  duration, 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  possible 
  cycles 
  

   of 
  65 
  and 
  130 
  years. 
  There 
  may 
  be 
  longer 
  cycles 
  measured 
  in 
  tens 
  

   of 
  centuries. 
  Rhythmic 
  control 
  appears 
  in 
  the 
  tremors, 
  earthquakes, 
  

   and 
  tilts 
  with 
  periods 
  ranging 
  from 
  a 
  half 
  -second 
  to 
  a 
  half-year. 
  Any- 
  

   one 
  who 
  has 
  ever 
  seen 
  a 
  loose 
  monkey-wrench 
  creep 
  along 
  the 
  foot- 
  

   board 
  of 
  a 
  vibrating 
  motor-car 
  is 
  led 
  to 
  wonder 
  whether 
  this 
  tremulous 
  

   creaking 
  earth-crust 
  is 
  not 
  shaking 
  down 
  its 
  mountains 
  and 
  its 
  sedi- 
  

  

  