TRACES OF AN EARLY RACE IX JAPAN. 261 



the sea-shore — nearly, if not quite, half a mile. And that an upheaval 

 has taken place since the deposits were made, there can be no doubt. 

 Geological evidences are not wanting to support this view ; these various 

 deposits, remote from each other, such as the Denmark, New England, 

 and Florida deposits, have each their peculiarities. In the Danish heaps 

 there seems to be a scarcity of pottery, but an abundance of flint-chips 

 and rude stone implements, as well as implements worked out of horn 

 and bone. The New England shell-heaps are not rich in pottery frag- 

 ments, the stone implements are rude and scarce, but the implements 

 of horn and bone are comparatively not uncommon, those worked out 

 of bone being more common. In the Florida deposits fragments of pot- 

 tery are more abundant ; and while rude stone and bone implements are 

 found, the larger shells seem to have furnished them with material for 

 many of their implements. Prof. Wyman has figured many of them in 

 his memoir on the fresh-water shell-heaps of Florida, and Dr. Stimpson 

 has figured an awl in the American Naturalist, which was made out of 

 the spirally grooved columella of Fasciolaria. While the pottery of 

 Denmark and New England is ornamented by incised lines and " cord- 

 marks," the Florida pottery bears the marks of stamps by which they im- 

 pressed a rude ornamentation upon their vessels. The Omori shell-heap 

 has also its peculiarities : 1. The extreme abundance of pottery, both 

 in fragments and nearly perfect vessels. From the great quantity 

 found there, one is led to believe that in past times it was a famous 

 place for its manufacture. Yet in the excavations no masses or unfin- 

 ished vessels were found to justify this assumption. 2. The great vari- 

 ety in the form of the vessels and remarkable diversity in their orna- 

 mentation. From these characters alone one might infer it to be of 

 more recent origin. Its rudeness, however, and the absence of anything 

 like lathe-work or glazing, show it to be ancient.^ A greater portion 

 of the pottery has the twisted cord-mark so common in most of the 

 early pottery. Much of it has incised lines, and small fragments 

 show a peculiar carving, made after the clay was dry, but before 

 baking. 



The ornamentation in these fragments is almost precisely similar 

 to the Aino style of ornamenting. In other pottery also the peculiar 

 way in which spaces between curved lines are " filled in," either by 

 " cord-marks " or punctures, again recalls the Aino. ' And had nothing 

 else been found in the deposit, the remains might have unhesitatingly 

 been referred to the Yessoines. Such comparisons are unsafe, as Mr. 

 Frank H. Gushing, of the Smithsonian Institution, finds similar pottery 



1 A writer in one of the Yokohama papers calls attention to the fact that a fragment 

 of glazed pottery was found, when the excavations were first made, against the exposed 

 bank of the railway. He might have added that an English button and the soldered 

 disk of a tin preserving-can were also found ! Such a one, finding a living toad in a gra- 

 nitic crevice, would be likely to infer, either that the toad was as old as the granite, or 

 that the granite was as recent as the toad. 



