RELATION OF SOCIOLOGY TO BIOLOGY. 333 



the cerebral functions. Or, in the development of the mind, there rise, 

 culminate, and decline, first in childhood, the perceptive faculties and 

 the memory ; then in youth atid young manhood, the imaginative and 

 Eesthetic faculties ; then in full manhood, or even beyond, the faculty o£ 

 productive thought ; and, finally, only late in life, and if the life has 

 been noble, the moral and religious nature : the first, gathering and 

 storing the materials for intellectual growth ; the second, warming, vivi- 

 fying, vitalizing, the materials thus gathered ; the third, using them in 

 constructive mason-work — in building the temple of science and phi- 

 losophy ; the last beautifying and ennobling that temple and dedicating 

 it to holy purposes, thus connecting the evolution of the spirit in this 

 life with that which, as we hope, continues in another. Similarly, ir» 

 the development of that greater organism, viz., the organic kingdom, 

 we have the rise, culmination, and decline of successively higher and 

 higlier classes of organisms : first of mollusca, then of fishes, then of 

 amphibia, then of reptiles, then of mammals, and, finally, of man. 

 And here, too, in the last step we find again the lower or animal evo- 

 lution connected with and continued by a higher, viz., the social evo- 

 lution. 



So is it also in society. Here, too, we find prog-ress is accomplished 

 by a successive rise, culmination, and decline, of higher and hig-heF 

 dominant ideas or principles, determining different phases of civiliza- 

 tion. The law may be traced not only in the general civilization of 

 successive epochs, but even in the component parts or principles of civ- 

 ilization. It is not only cycle beyond and above cj^cle, but also cycle 

 within cycle. Thus we have successively culminating and declining 

 Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and now rising but not yet culminating, mod- 

 ern civilization, confessed by higher and higher forms. In natural reli- 

 gion we have everywhere first fetichism, then polytheism,^ and then 

 monotheism. In the direct line of modern religious organization we 

 have the Jewish and the Christian form. In the Christian Church we 

 have the primitive or apostolic form, the Roman form, the Protestant 

 forms, and Ave j-et hope for a still higher and more rational form in the 

 future. 



But, observe : in all development, when a dominant function, faculty, 

 principle, etc., declines, it does not perish, but only becomes subordinate 

 to the next rising and higher dominant function or principle, and thus 

 the whole organism becomes not only higher but also more complex. 

 Thus, when the perceptive faculties and memory decline in early man- 

 hood, they do not perish, but only become subordinate to the higher 

 dominant imaginative and aesthetic faculties characteristic of that age. 

 Again, when these latter decline they do not perish, but only in their 

 turn become subordinate to the still higher faculty of productive thought, 

 which in its turn, and with it the whole character, becomes subordinate 

 to the moral and religious nature. Thus the perfect man does not for- 

 get utterly the things of childhood and youth and early manhood, but 



