86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, 



morphic rock. Except at the southern end, there is no mining in 

 the range at present. 



A good crest trail is maintained by the Forestry Service, and 

 several cabins along it are occupied by forest rangers during the 

 dry season. At the time we were there, the range was uninhabited 

 except for two men caring for mines in Silver Creek, and several at 

 Reed's ranch on Black Canj^on. Deer, bear and wild turkeys are 

 abundant. There are no rattlesnakes in the forest zone, though 

 occasionally seen up to about 6,000 feet. 



Eastern Foothills of the Black Range. — Returning to Deming from 

 Chloride, the limestone ridges about Chloride were found barren of 

 shells, although they had been seen there by miners at an earlier 

 day. At the Oliver Mine, on Mineral Creek, 4 miles above Chloride, 

 Oreohelix pilsbryi was found. A few miles southward, on the north side 

 of a limestone mountain at Sam's Canyon, Holospira cockerelli was 

 abundant, and a few very old " bones " of Oreohelix metcalfei and cooperi 

 were found. Again in a like situation on the Little Palomas Creek, 

 Holospira was plentiful, and again at Hermosa. This is a small 

 village on the Big Palomas Creek, all that remains of a settlement 

 of over 2,000 miners in flush times. Teodoro had seen shells here 

 years ago, when employed as superintendent at the Ocean Wave 

 Mine, but not even "bones" remain. Across the stream, however, 

 and down stream for a mile or more, Oreohelix and Holospira were 

 abundant. Hard digging was required to get living shells, as the 

 hillside of fine soil and limestone spawls had been completely plowed 

 up by herds of goats. The snails found shelter under the roots of 

 dead oaks and in undisturbed rock. 



In the foothill region there was extensive mining years ago, with 

 consequent destruction of the small wood which grew in favorable 

 places. 



Although a sharp lookout was kept, nothing further was found 

 on the return trip except a colony of Ashmunella in a slide of igneous 

 rock along the wagon road near the mouth of a small creek tril)utary 

 to Las Animas River. All were dead except a few very young ones- 

 No topographic map has been published. Our collecting stations 

 are therefore plotted (pp. 84 and 85) on the Forest Service Tem- 

 porary Base Map of the Gila National Forest.^ A list of the stations 

 is given at the end of this article. 



^ Second edition, corrected to January 1, 1916. 



