ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY. MICROSCOPY, ETC. 37 



Apidas of Spain.* — Jose Maria Dusmet y Alonso is giving an account 

 of the Bees of Spain, and deals in this section with the genus Ccdioxys, 

 of which he describes sixteen species. 



Social Wasps of Para.f — A. Ducke continues bis study of the social 

 wasps of Para, and deals with seventeen genera. He gives an interest- 

 ing ethological classification, and fine illustrations of the nests. 



Olfactory Sense in Ants. J — H. Pieron corroborates what other 

 observers have shown, that ants recognise one another by smell. The 

 only sensory basis in recognition is an olfactory one, but the reaction 

 cannot be interpreted as a purely olfactory reflex. There are implicated 

 ethological factors, adaptive responses wrought out by selection, which 

 cannot be ignored. 



Stalked Egg of CynipidaB.§ — E. Bugnion gives a detailed descrip- 

 tion of the stalked egg of Ci/nips tozce Bosc (C. argentea Hartig), which 

 has a pedicel (1*163 mm.) six times longer than the ovum proper 

 (0"197 mm.). This is an adaptation to the mechanism of oviposition. 

 There does not seem to be any alternation of generations in this species, 

 and it may be that the development is parthenogenetic. The male is 

 extremely rare, and at the time when fertihsation could occur (in spring, 

 when the female comes out of the gall), the ova are already completely 

 sm-rounded by their envelope. It may be, however, that there is a very 

 minute micropyle. 



Hermaphroditism in Lepidoptera.||— K. Wenke describes a herma- 

 phrodite specimen of Argynnis paphia, which externally exhibited in a 

 very marked degree female characters upon the left half of the body, 

 and male upon the right. Internally, there was a complete suppression 

 of the male organs, while the female parts were not quite normal, being 

 partly degenerate and partly absent. To the description is added a com- 

 parative anatomical account of hermaphi'oditism in Lepidoptera in 

 general. 



Glossina palpalis in Relation to Trypanosomes.l — E. A. Minchin, 

 A. C. H. Gray, and F. G. M. TuUoch, communicate the results of a series 

 of experiments. Their most important results appear to be : — (1) In- 

 fected G. palpalis feeding on two healthy animals in succession com- 

 municate the '^Jinja'" cattle trypanosome to the first of these only, 

 showing apparently that the infection is conveyed by contamination 

 of the proboscis. (2) Freshly-caught G. palpalis are capable of infect- 

 ing animals with the trypanosome of sleeping sickness, but the number 

 of fiy-bites required is very variable — frequently more than a thousand 

 flies have fed on a susceptible animal without infecting it. (3) The 

 development of sexual forms of T. gambiense in the alimentary canal of 

 the tsetse-fly has been witnessed ; they are very similar to the forms of 



* Boll. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., vi. (1906) pp. 134-51. 

 t Bol. Mus. Goeldi, iv., No. 4(1905-6) pp. 652-98 (4 pis. aud 1 fig.). 

 X Comptes Eendus, cxliii. (1906) pp. 845-8. 

 § Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat., xxi. (1906) pp. 536-9. 



i| Zeitschr. Wiss. ZooL, Ixxxiv. (1906) pp. 95-138 (2 pis. and 15 figs.). 

 ^ Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Series B, Ixxviii. No. B 525 (1906) pp. 242-58 (3 pis . 



