166 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



type GiboceUum, found and described by A. Stecker in 1875, and placed 

 in a special family near CyphophtlialmidEe, was altogether a product of 

 Stecker's fancy. 



f- Crustacea. 



Liriopsidse.* — Maurice Caullery gives an interesting account of two 

 of these parasites on parasites — namely, Danalia curvata Fraisse, a para- 

 site of SaccuUna neglecta, which is a parasite of Inachus scorpio, and 

 Liriopsis monophthalma Fraisse, a parasite of Peltogaster curvatus, which 

 is a parasite of Enpagnrus meticulosus. 



Like other Epicarids, Liriopsis penetrates into its host as a crypto- 

 niscid larva, and is then male. It occurs free in the pallial cavity of 

 Peltogaster ; it undergoes metamorphosis without fixation ; it undergoes 

 a moult, after which it shows only one pair of appendages (the second 

 pereiopods) ; it becomes vermiform (with a prolonged persistence of the 

 cephalic segment), then globular, then like a figure H, half of which 

 protrudes ; later on the ovary matures. 



The cryptoniscid larva of Danalia fixes on the SaccuUna, or oftener 

 on some point on the ventral surface of the abdomen of the crab 

 {Inachus). After a moult, it grips its host with its only remaining 

 appendages — as before, the second pair of pereiopods. The pre-buccal 

 region forms a perforating tube, the mouth becomes actively suctorial, 

 the second pereiopods fall off. The body becomes a sac, bent like the 

 letter U. 



The two types differ considerably as to their larval form and subse- 

 quent history. Both show protandrous hermaphroditism. 



Species of Lernanthropus-t — Empedocle Goggio gives a list and 

 bibliography of 31 described species of this genus of parasitic Copepods, 

 and describes L.foliaceus Richiardi, L. vorax Rich., and L. lichice sp. n. 

 He also discusses and figures L. gisleri van Ben., L. hrevis Rich., 

 L. micropterygis Rich., and L. tyJosuri Rich. 



Sex-Determination in Daphnids.J — A. Jssakowitsch finds that in 

 Simocephalus vetulus and Baphnia magna the appearance or disappearance 

 of the sexual forms depends on the nutritive conditions and on the sur- 

 rounding temperature (affecting the nutrition). When the mother- 

 animal ctmnot afford sufficient food to the eggs, they develop into males ; 

 if the lack of nutrition goes further, a large number of primary egg-cells 

 combine to furnish a single winter-ovum. There is no cyclic reproduc- 

 tion in Weismann's sense among Daphnids. For experimental purposes 

 it is useful to have a main culture at 22° C, and an accessory culture at 

 8°-16° C. From the latter strong fecund females can be continually 

 supplied, to replace those in the main culture which soon become 

 exhausted by persistent parthenogenesis. 



Monograph on Ligia.§ — C. G. Hewitt gives an account of the bio- 

 logy, morphology, and development of Ligia oceanica. This Isopod 



* Comptes Rendus, cxliv. (1907) pp. 100-2. 



t Atti. Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa, xxii. (1906) pp. 134-49 (1 pL). 



J Arch. Mikr. Anat., Ixix. (1906) pp. 223-44 (12 tables). 



§ L.M.B.C. Memoirs, xiv. (1907) pp. 1-37 (4 pis.). 



