PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 387 



in the construction of the composite shell or test, and the different 

 degrees of neatness in construction, which varies with the amount of 

 cement used. 



2. Astrorhiza Umicola, from Lervik Fjord, Faroe Islands, about 130 

 fathoms. Test built up of mud and sand-grains of uneven size. Very 

 brittle ; practically no cement used. The sarcode streams from the open 

 ends of the arms, which are often very long. 



3. Astrorhiza arenaria, from Lervik Fjord, Faroe Islands, about 130 

 fathoms. Test built up of fine sand-grains of equal size, and without 

 visible cement. It is very friable. There is a loosely-built termination 

 to each arm, through which the sarcode streams ; it also exudes be- 

 tween the sand-grains. Dried-up pseudopodia can be seen on one 

 specimen. 



4. Crithionina pisiim, from the Faroe Channel, 555 fathoms. Test 

 built up of very minute sand-grains, without visible cement. Very 

 friable. There is no aperture ; the protoplasm streams between the sand 

 grains of the test. 



5. Critliionina pisum var. hlspida, off Florida, 50i) fathoms. Test 

 built of fine sand, with sponge-spicules incorporated. The sponge- 

 spicules are set projecting vertically from the surface, instead of being 

 built in, as is usually the case. No aperture ; the protoplasm exudes 

 between the grains. 



6. Haliphysema Tiimanowiczii, attached to zoophyte, from Pegvvell 

 Bay, Kent. The test is built up of fine sand-grains, broken spicules, 

 and cement. The terminal brush of sponge-spicules possibly serves to 

 protect the animal from molluscs. It was originally described by 

 Bowerbank as a sponge. Its foraminiferal nature was demonstrated by 

 Carter. 



7. Psammosphcera fusca. Four specimens from North Atlantic, 

 1525 fathoms, the others from the North Sea, 130 metres. Test, a rough 

 sphere of sand-grains, cemented together without visible aperture. 

 Sarcode exudes through interstices and through cement. No selective 

 power shown in the choice of sand-grains, which are always of unequal 

 size. When sand-srrains are not available, the shells of other forams are 

 vised, as in the group from 1525 fathoms. 



8. Psammosphcera fusca var., off Culebra Islands, West Indies, 

 390 fathoms. Test, a simple sphere of coarse sand-grains built round a 

 sponge-spicule. The object of the spicule is probably to increase the 

 area of resistance, and so diminish the chance of sinking into the ooze. 



0. Sacmmmina spJuerka, from the North Sea, 135 metres, and 

 North Atlantic, 555-1000 fathoms. Test built very neatly of small sand- 

 grains, with much cement. Smoothly finished externally, rough inside. 

 There is generally a short tubular neck, with aperture, but this is absent 

 in the highly-finished central specimens, one of which is laid open. 

 When there is no aperture, the sarcode exudes between the grains. 



10. Wehbina clavata. A common deep-sea foram, found all over the 

 world, principally in about 500 fathoms. As the depth increases, the 

 size of the chamljer decreases in proportion to the tube, as shown in 

 group from 1300 fathoms, where the specimens are growing attached 

 to other species, and the chamber has dwindled down to a small Imlb. 

 There is no " floor " to the attached chamber or tube. Test built up 



