376 SUMMAKY OF CUREENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



•2. Diagnosis of Typhoid. — W. Poppelmann* obtains blood from the 

 linger under aseptic precautions, and prepares tilms which are dried in 

 the air and placed in the septic solution (May-Griinwald) for I'-G minutes, 

 washed in distilled water, quickly dried, and examined under lOOo 

 diameters without a cover-glass. Giemsa's stain may also lie employed. 



Canon t states that the above method has been used by ileisel and 

 Almaquist for twenty years, and he considers that obtaining blood from 

 the hand is a possible source of contaminating error. 



?u Malachite-green Media for the Detection of B. typliosas, B. coJi, 

 and B. paratyphosus. J. Leuclis| employs the following preparation. 

 100 c.cm. of neutral dextrin broth agar, o*5 c.cm. normal sodium 

 carbonate solution, lo c.cm. (lOv H) nutrose solution, and 1'6 c.cm. 

 of 0-1 p.c. solution of malachite-green. In t]i\%m.Qi[m.mB. paratyphosus 

 type B gave a vigorous growth, but the development of B. coliwds, com- 

 pletely arrested ; the growth of three strains of B. typhosus was far 

 superior to that on Drigalski-Conradi medium. 



Lentz and Tietz § find that malachite-green agar medium gives 

 37*7 p.c. better results for typhoid diagnosis than Drigalski-Conradi 

 medium. 



4. Sodium GlycochoJate and the Blood Cultivation of Typhoid Patients. 

 Roosen-Runge || modifies the method of Schott-Miiller for obtaining 

 cultures from the blood of typhoid patients, by using sodium-glycocholate 

 agar: — 1 Htre broth, 20 grm. agar, 10 grm. pepton, 5 grm. sodium 

 chloride, 10 grm. sodium glycocholate. By this means it was possible 

 to obtain visible colonies in 13-16 hours ; and also, the number of 

 colonies was much greater — in one case as many as 1400 were counted 

 on the fourth day, whereas on ordinary glycerin-agar there were only 800. 



5. Rossi's Typhoid Diagnosticum. — G-. de Rossi ^ prepares his dia- 

 gnosticum as follows : — 10 c.cm. of a broth culture of B. typhosus, grown 

 for 1-2 days at 27° C, is transferred to a test tube, and placed for 1 hour 

 in a water-bath at 58°-60^ C. To one half of the contents is added a 

 drop of normal serum, and to the other half a drop of the serum to be 

 examined. After half an hour in a thermostat at 37° C. agglutination 

 should result. The test remains reliable for 1 1 months or longer. 



6. Cultural Observations and Diagnosis of B. typhosus in Fences, Soil, 

 and Water, hy the help of Malachite-green. — F. Loeffier** finds that the 

 action of this method consists in hindering the growth of accompanying 

 germs, especially those of B. coli, and in causing a more vigorous 

 growth of B. typhosus. The author gives receipts for the preparation of 

 various green media by which the B. typhosus may be separated. 



6. Diagnosis of B. typhosus and B. coli hy means of Sulphate of 

 Copper and Prussiate of Potash. — A. Marrasini and G. Schiif ff prepared 

 peptonised nutrient media from meat extract, and added solutions of sul- 

 phate of copper or prussiate of potash to each. After inoculation and 

 incubation at 37^ C. for 36 hours, the tubes of B. typhosus were clear and 



* Centralbl. Bakt., Ref., xxxix. (1907) p. 401. t Loc. cit. 



t Tom. cit., p. 396. § Tom. cit., p. 404. 



II Centralbl. Bakt., Ite Abt. Orig., xliii. (1907) p. 520. 

 4 Tom. cit., p. 398. ** Tom. cit., p. 405. 



tt Tom. cit., p. 409. 



