ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 333 



been still more lack of uniformity. The settlement of the controversy 

 depends upon which of Raddi's three species is to be considered the type. 

 Levier contends that the third species, G.fissa Raddi, must be retained 

 in the genus Galypogeia, because one of its synonyms quoted by Raddi is 

 Jungermannia Galypogea Raddi (179«), which supplies the characters 

 and even the name to the genus, and hence ought to be regarded as its 

 primordial type. Evans supports this view, and claims that Article 45 

 of the new Rules of Nomenclature adopted at Vienna confirms it. 

 In that case Galypogeia stands for Raddi's section B ; and Gongylanthus 

 stands for section A. With G.fissa taken as the type of Galypogeia, a 

 fresh set of difficulties has to be encountered ; for G. fissa has been 

 interpreted in very different ways by various European wi-iters. To 

 settle this point it is necessary to go back to the Mnium fissum and 

 the M. Trichomanis of Linnteus and to the pre-Linnasan descriptions, 

 drawings, and specimens of Dillenius. Lindberg saw these latter 30 

 years ago and reported on them thrice, but unfortunately with variation 

 of opinion. Evans is unable to accept Lindberg's interpretation of them 

 save with reservation, as Lindberg relied too much upon that variable 

 character, the inflorescence. Evans adduces reasons for the rejection 

 of the name Kantia Sprengelii, as used by recent British authors for 

 G.fissa of Raddi. For himself he fully accepts G. fissa as a species, 

 and draws up a long synonymy for it. It is closely related to G. 

 Trichomanis, a very variable plant for which it has probably often been 

 mistaken. 



Morphology and Development of Frullania and Jubula.* — F. 



Cavers gives an account of the morphology and life-history of Frullania 

 and Juhula, chiefly based on the common Frullania dilatata and F. 

 Tamarisci, which grow the former on trees, the latter on rocks. The 

 range of the genus Jubula is remarkable. Its one species was first 

 discovered in Ireland, and later at a few stations in the West of 

 England, Wales and Scotland. It occurs nowhere else in temperate 

 regions, but has a wide distribution in tropical America. The author 

 describes the characteristic form of the leaves of Frullania, with their 

 lobulus and stylus, tracing them back to their rudiments and so to the 

 apical cell. The origin of the branches is explained ; and the position 

 and structure of the inflorescences and reproductive organs are made 

 clear. The sequence of the cell-divisions in the development of the 

 sporogonium is described, and the subsequent development up to the 

 bursting of the capsule, also the germination of the spore and formation 

 of the young plant. 



Brothebus, V. F.— [Japanese Mosses.] 



[A list of 50 mosses, five of which are new, but without descriptions. 

 Japanese text.] Tokyo Bot. Mag., xx. (1906) pp. 214-15". 



Step HAN I, F. — Species Hepaticarum. (Species of Hepatics.) 



[A continuation of his monograph of Loplwcolea, including descriptions of 

 31 species, eight of which are new to science.] 



Bull. Herb. Boiss., vii. (1907) pp. 297-312. 



* Naturalist, Nos. 600-1 (1907) pp. 11-16, 46-49 (5 pis.). 



