ZOOLOGY' AND BOTANY. MICROSCOPY, ETC. 459 



roots at the lower internodes of the stalk at the time of flowering, if the 

 plants bear female flowers. The fiiugus developing in the soil attacks 

 these roots, and prevents them from growing in a normal manner or 

 from entering the soil. It thus causes hypertrophy of the tissues, and 

 induces a dichotomy at the apex. 



UredinesB. — Fr. Bubak * has examined and compared the Piicciniee 

 that grow on Garlina acaulis, G. vulgaris, and C. longifoUa. He finds 

 two fungi differing in form and size : one found on C. acaulis, the 

 other, which he names Pitccinia divergens, grows on the other two 

 Carlina species. 



F. L. Stevens t describes a new Puccinia found on Melothria, a 

 genus of CucurbitaceaB ; it is interesting on account of the small number 

 of rusts in that natural order. It is one of the Leptopuccinise. 



W. Tranzschel J publishes a note of his experiments with Uredinese 

 during 190G. He affirms previous results, and records new facts as to 

 the hosts of several Puccinia^. 



W. H. Moreland§ discusses the relation of the weather to rust on 

 cereals. He finds that the weather in October influencing the seed-bed 

 is not a determining factor, but humidity in January has much to do 

 with the prevalence of rusts. 



L. H. Pammel || has published full accounts of the cedar apple 

 fungi and apple rust in Iowa. The red cedars and apple were 

 alternate hosts of Gymnosporaiigium macropus, and both were badly 

 attacked. He gives an historical account of Gymnosporaiigium, and 

 passes on to consider the different species that grow on pines and 

 alternately on members of the apple order of plants. He gives the 

 results of many inoculation experiments with different varieties of 

 cultivated apples. He advises the removal of cedar-trees from the 

 neighbourhood of apple orchards. The paper is well illustrated. 



W. Tranzschel IF publishes a series of notes on Uredinefe under 12 

 different headings, each one dealing with separate inoculation experiments 

 and observations. He found that Uromyces Garicis var. semper virentis 

 was connected with j^cidium Phijteumatis, Puccinia Gynodontis with 

 j^cidium Plantaginis ; Puccinia Isiacm on Phragmites communis pro- 

 duced jEcidia on a very large number of plants in many different 

 natural orders, and a3cidiospores on Gerinthe minor inoculated Agropyrum 

 trichoporum, forming uredo- and teleutospores. Also in Turkestan 

 JEcidia on Imda grandis were found to correspond with a Puccinia on 

 Phragmites. 



Polyporus vaporarius.**— Josef Schorstein records the finding of 

 very strong Rhizomorj)ha on a railway sleeper with a black cuticle, and 

 internally the colour of wood. He cultivated it on oak and obtained the 

 fructification of Polyporus vaporarius. 



* Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xxv. (1907) pp. 56-8. 

 t Bot. Gazette, xliii. (1907). % Ann. MycoL, v. (1907) p. 32. 



§ Mem. Dept. Agric. India, i. No. 2 (1906) pp. 53-7. See also Bot. Centralbl., 

 civ. (1907) p. 416. 



II Exper. Stat. Iowa St. Coll. Agric. Ames Iowa, Bull. 84 (1905) 36 pp. (11 figs.). 

 ^ Trav. Mus6e Bot. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, iii, (1906) pp. 37-55. See 

 also Bot. Centralbl., civ. (1907) pp. 502-3. 

 ** Ann. Mycol., v. (1907) pp. 46-8 (2 figs.). 



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