ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 555 



appeared normal, contained alwnt 25 cysts to the square centimetre. 

 These cysts were yellowish white, ovoid, about one-third mm. in size, 

 granular, and contained spirally coiled trichinae. The patient had never 

 eaten raw pork, and had no knowledge of the infection. 



Occasional Nematode Parasites of Man.* — R. T. Leiper has found 

 amongst material obtained in the post-mortem room of the Kasr- 

 Ainy Hospital, Cairo, specimens of Ascaris mystax Zeder, whose 

 normal host is the cat, and of Ascaris marginata Rudolphi, normally 

 occurring in the dog. An examination of these species by special 

 methods has led the author to establish two distinctly new genera ; 

 Belascarls to include amongst others, Ascaris mystax Zeder, and Ascaris 

 triquetra Rudolphi ; Toxascaris, including Ascaris leonina v. Linstow, 

 and Ascaris marginata Rudolphi. 



Development of Ascaris in Artificial Media.f — L. Jammes and 

 A. Martin have experimented with the eggs of Ascaris vitulorum in 

 various media. Some of their results may be quoted. Injected into 

 the sub-cutaneous connective-tissue and muscles of guinea-pig they may 

 in the first 14 days reach the morula stage. Temperature is important, 

 since similar experiments with cold-blooded animals failed. At 33° C. 

 morulBB developed in distilled water in 12 days, and mobile embryos at 

 the end of the 18th day. One of the authors succeeded in infecting 

 himself. In weak acid (HCl) solutions at 33° C. development proceeded 

 rapidly so that by the 6th day embryos were moving within' the shell. In 

 a corresponding alkaline solution at the same temperature the results 

 were unsatisfactory, only a few morula and many broken eggs remaining 

 after 10 days. By changing from the acid solution after a time to the 

 alkaline, the embryos developed and left their shells. 



Antarctic Nematodes. J — 0. v. Linstow describes the Trematodes of 

 the Scottish Antarctic Expedition. From Weddell's seal {Leptonychotes 

 tveddeJli Lesson) there are three species, two of which are new, and the 

 third, Ascaris osculata Rud., is known from a variety of hosts in both 

 Arctic and Antarctic regions. Several other species, including a free- 

 living form, T/ioracostoma setosum v. Linstow, are recorded. 



Antarctic Echinorhynchus.§ — J. Rennie describes, from the stomach 

 of aWeddeU ^eal (Leptonychotes u'eddelli) taken by the Scottish National 

 Antarctic Expedition at the South Orkneys, an interesting new species, 

 Echinorhynchus antarcticus. This form is remarkable in shape, resem- 

 bling the bowl of a pipe with a short stem. It is spiny along the upper 

 side only, and has distinctive features in the rostrum. There is unusual 

 sexual dimorphism in the fact that the males appear to be larger than 

 the females. 



Antarctic Free Nematode.! — 0. von Linstow describes Lepto- 

 somatum australe sp. n., the largest known free-living Nematode, the 

 female attaining a length of almost 50 mm., the male 37 • 7 mm. As 



* Brit. Med. Jouni., 1907, pp. 1296-8. 



t Comptes Rendus, cxliii. (1906) pp. 67-70. 



X Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, xxvi. (1907) pp. 464-72 (2 pis.). 



§ Tom. cit., pp. 437-46 (2 pis.). 



,1 National Antarctic Expedition, iii. (1907). Nematodes, 4 pp., 1 pi. 



