ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 631 



flanges. The shape was, therefore, something like a capital Omega 

 =^^— . The convex part of the bend would conceivably be in extension 

 and the concave part in compression. Between the two there might be 

 expected a neutral layer. By means of a beam from an arc-light passed 

 through lenses and two Nicols and projected upon a camera, a photo- 

 graph was obtained which showed the neutral layer to lie about midway 

 between the parallel surfaces and roughly parallel to them. He also 

 obtained some remarkable figures in a similar examination of highly 

 strained glass rod. His experiments were largely based upon the re- 

 searches of 0. Houisjsberff. 



SiEDENTOPF, H. — Tiber die physikalisolieii Principien der Sichtbarmachung 

 ultramikroskopiscber Teilchen. 



Berliner Klinischen Wochenschrift, 1904, No. 32 ; 

 and as a separate pamphlet, 7 pp. 



(6) Miscellaneous. 



Textiles and Colours in the Ultramicroscope.* — J. Schneider and 

 O. Kunzl have studied this subject for the purpose of discovering 

 whether undyed and dyed textiles give characteristic spectra when viewed 

 with the ultramicroscope. Their conclusions are as follows : — 



1. The ultramicroscope is adapted for the testing of dyed as well as 

 of stamped products of the textile industry, especially in the case of small 

 patterns and mixed colours. 



2. In the investigation those appearances which are characteristic of 

 the dye are to be distinguished from those which correspond to the light 

 not penetrating the colour fabrics. 



3. The most trustworthy test of the dye is that with the spectral- 

 ocular ; it is also possible without the same to distinguish colours con- 

 tained in the spectrum. 



4. The most instructive image is that received from silk with the 

 use of both polarising prisms. 



5. Fabrics coloured according to various methods show various 

 characteristic features in the ultramicroscope ; distinction is chiefly 

 found between colours obtained from insoluble and applied dye-stuffs 

 and those obtained by direct dyeing. 



B. Technique.! 

 (1) Collecting' Objects, including- Culture' Processes. 



Cultivation of a Bovine Piroplasma.| — M. Miyajima adopted the 

 method used by Rogers for cultivating the parasites of kala-azar. The 

 blood containing the intracellular parasites is drawn from the jugular 

 vein, and then quickly defibrinated under strict precautions so as to 

 avoid bacterial contamination. It is then mixed with ordinary nutrient 

 bouillon in proportions varying from 1:5 to 1:10, and placed asep- 



* Zeitschr. wiss. Mikrosk., xxiii. (1907) pp. 393-409 (1 fig.). 



t This subdivisiou contains (1) Collecting Objects, including Culture Pro- 

 cesses; (2) Preparing Objects; (3) Cutting, including Imbedding and Microtomes; 

 (4) Staining and Injecting; (5) Mounting, including slides, preserving fluids, &c. ; 

 (6) Miscellaneous. J Philippine Journ. Sci., ii. (1907) pp. 83-91 (3 figs.) 



