ZOOLOGY AXD BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 601 



Anatomy of Parmelia Species.* — F. Rosendalil has made a study of 

 the brown species of Parmelia. He finds that they can be divided into 

 two groups. (1) Those with a many-layered cortex, and (2) those in 

 which the cortex is one or at most two cells thick. Fat-cells have been 

 found in tlie cortex of some species, and in two species short trichomes 

 on the upper surface. Rhizoids possess a pith and cortical sheath : they 

 arise from the lower cortex. Respiration is provided for in P. aspidota 

 by pores on the upper surface. The author notes two types of Isidia, 

 (1) those that never show soredia, and (2) those that finally become 

 sorediate. The acids that are found in these species are also given. 



G-all-formation in Lichens.f — Several cases of gall-formation have 

 already been established in lichens ; W. Zopf has recently described 

 some others of considerable interest. In the species Ramalina kuUemis, 

 recently discovered on the island of Kullen, he found that some of the 

 strap-shaped branches were deformed and much swollen. The deformed 

 parts bore spermogonia, but very rarely apothecia. He found occasional 

 holes in the thallus, remains of excrementa, and parts of some articulated 

 insects. Finally he found abundant evidence of the presence of mites, 

 spiders, and Diplopoda. Further research convinced him that the 

 deformations were due to the mites. He applied his discovery to a 

 re-examination of species of R. scopulorum var. incrassata, and found 

 that it was nothing less than a specimen of R. scojndorum deformed by 

 galls. He has no doubt that R. cuspidata var. crassa, will also turn out 

 to be a gall species. 



Hahn, Gotthold — Das Vorkommen seltner Flechtenarten an ein unddemselben 

 Standorte in unseren Lokalflora. (The presence of rare lichens in one neighbour- 

 hood of local floras.) Jahresb. Gesell. Natunv. Gera {Reusz.) 1906, 



pp. 102-3. See also Hedivigia, xlvi. 

 1907, beibl., p. 110. 



Lesdain, Bouly de — Lichens rares ou nouveaux pour la Belgique. (New or 

 rare lichens for Belgium.) 



[A series of lichens collected on sand dunes, and varying from the types on 

 account of their habitat.] Bull. Soc. Boy. Belg., xliii. (1907) pp. 249-54 



Steinee, J. — Flechten. 



[Lichens in H. Penther and E. Zederbauer's " Results of a Natural History 

 Expedition to Erdschias-Dagh (Asia Minor). One new species and several 

 new varieties are described.] 



Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien, sx. (1905) pp. 369-84. 

 See also Ann. Mycol., v. (1907) p. 204. 



Zahlbrucknee, a. — Vorarbeiten zu einer Flechtenflora Dalmatians. IV. (Pre- 

 paration for a lichen-flora of Dalmatia.) 



[The nimiber for the district reaches 327 ; several new species are included.] 



Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr., Ivii. (1907) pp. 19-30, 65-73 (1 fig.). 



See also Ann. Mycol, v. (1907) p. 204. 



Zopp, W. — Znr Kenntnis der Flechtenstoife. (The knowledge of lichen con- 

 stituents.) 



[Describes the acids in a large number of species, some of them being new.] 



Liebig's Ann. Chemie, ccclii. (1907) p. 1-44. 

 See Silso Ann. Mycol, v. (1907) p. 205. 



* Inaug. Diss. Miinster, 1907, 35 pp. See also Ann. Mycol., v. (1907). pp. 203-4. 

 t Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xxv. (1907) pp. 233-8 (1 pL). 



