. ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 675 



and wings are not to be related. Though both are of tergal nature they 

 have arisen independently of each other. The characters of the muscu- 

 lature are such as to separate the Ephemeridte from the Libellffi and 

 Orthoptera. 



Silk-glands of Apanteles.* — R. Matheson and A. G. Ruggles give 

 an account of the structure of the silk -glands of Apanteles glomeratus, a 

 hymenopterous social parasite on the larvae of the common cabbage- 

 moth. These glands differ from those in the Lepidoptera and Tricho- 

 ptera, in that there are four tubes in the abdominal region, but their 

 histological structure is similar. It differs markedly, however, from 

 that described for the Teuthrediuid larvae. In immature larvge the 

 epithehal cells of the whole silk-producing region are actively secreting. 

 Numerous vacuoles are present in these cells. In mature larvae the 

 abdominal division becomes greatly distended and its cells have probably 

 ceased secreting. The glands of Phillipi are absent. The press is well 

 developed, but the lateral pair of muscles present in Lepidoptera are 

 absent. The product of the gland is a double thread. 



Disease in Bees.j — A. D. Imms reports on a very fatal disease 

 in bees which made its first appearance in the Isle of Wight in the 

 summer of 1904. It was regarded by bee-keepers as "paralysis," but 

 differs in several respects from the ordinary bee paralysis. The most 

 prominent symptom was great enlargement of the hind-intestine, and 

 microscopical investigation revealed an impacted mass of pollen-grains 

 mixed with ordinary beeswax and numerous bacteria. A connection 

 between this disease and "dysenteric conditions" is suggested, but, 

 pending further examination and experiment, only general hygienic 

 measures can be recommended. Removing the store of pollen and 

 supplying beef-juice mixed with honey or sugar to satisfy the inordinate 

 appetite for nitrogeneous food characteristic of the disease, is suggested. 



Life-history of Pieris Brassjcse L.| — G. Martelli describes the 

 copulation, oviposition and various features in the development of Pieris 

 irassiccB, and gives a similar account of a number of hymenopterous 

 and dipterous parasites and hyperparasites. 



Rudiments of Wings and Halteres in Melophagus.§ — P. Stange 

 has followed the development of these structures in 3Ielophagus ovim/s. 

 The wing disks (Fliigelsclieiben) give rise to rudimentary wing cones 

 (Fliigelzapfen), the rudiments of tlie halteres give rise to a large stigma. 

 It is noteworthy that the " Fliigelzapfen " are beset with bristles such as 

 occur on the outer edge of the wing in Musca, " an inheritance from 

 the time when Melophagus had not yet become a parasite in the wool, 

 and perhaps bore well developed flying organs." 



Structure of Compound Eye in Muscid8e.|| — Pierre Vigier describes 

 the light receptive terminations in the compound eyes of Muscidse. 



* Amer. Nat., xli. (1907) pp. 567-81 (3 pis.). 



t Journ. Board of Agric, xiv. (1907) pp. 129 40 (2 pis.). 



X Boll. Labor. Zool. R. Scuola Agric. Portici, i. (1907) pp. 170-224. 



§ Zool. Jahrb., xxiv. (1907) pp. 295-322 (2 pis. and 3 figs.). 



11 Comptes Rendus, cxlv. (1907) pp. 532-6 (1 fig.). 



Dec. 18th, 1907 2 Y 



