ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 681 



Platyhelminthes. 



Opisthorchis felineus Riv. in Man.*— P. Verdun and L. Brujant 

 record a case at Tonkin in which hundreds of Clonorchis sinensis Cobb 

 occurred in the liver and duodenum of a man from Annam. Amongst 

 these were found seven specimens of Opisthorchis felineus Riv. This 

 parasite has ah-eady been recorded in man, but the association here 

 noted is altogether new. 



■'to^ 



Classification of the Bipalidse.t — J. Miiller supplements v. Graff's 

 monograph by supplying particulars regarding the copulatory apparatus 

 of the Bipalidffi. Since the publication of this monograph nineteen new 

 species have been described — two of them in the present paper — and 

 these have been incorporated in a table for the determination of species, 



which is also given. 



Incertee Sedis. 



Researches on the Pterobranchise.J — A. Schepotieff continues his 

 account of the anatomy and histology of Rhabdopleura normani Allman. 

 In the present paper he deals with the various types of buds, e.g. sterile, 

 regenerated, and normal ; the structure of the tube is described, and 

 some account of the beginning and mode of spreading of the colony is 

 given, but material to illustrate this appears to be very difficult to 

 obtain. 



Echinoderma. 



Spicules of Synapta and Auricularia.§ — W. Woodland, continuing 

 his studies on spicule formation, has investigated the morphogenesis of 

 the plate-and-anchor spicules of Synapta inhcerans and S. digitata, and 

 the part played by the living tissues of the organism in their pro- 

 duction. Each spicule consists of two parts, the anchor and the plate, 

 quite separate from each other. The first sign of the spicule is the 

 multiplication of the nuclei of the dermal epithelium at one point to 

 form a syncytium. A calcareous granule is deposited on the internal 

 aspect of the syncytium, and elongates to form the shaft of the anchor. 

 Six to ten nuclei migrate to the internal side of the shaft, and give rise 

 to the plate. The disposition of the spicules and the shape of the 

 .anchor are probably conditioned by the contractions of the body -wall, 

 but no physiological explanation of the association of anchor and plate 

 has been arrived at. 



The results gained in regard to the wheel spicule of the Auricularia 

 larva differ considerably from those published by Chun. In this case 

 also the spicule appears iirst as a granule in a syncytium, but the sclero- 

 blasts retain their individuality to some extent. The spicule becomes 

 disk- and then cup-shaped, develops spokes as outgrowths from the 

 margin, and finally becomes the felly of the adult wheel. The extension 



* C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, Ixii. (1907) pp. 704-5. 



t Zeitschr. Wiss. ZooL, Ixxxvi. (1907) pp. 416-45 (2 pis.). 



J Zool. Jahrb., xxiv. (1907) pp. 193-238 (7 pis.). 



§ Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., li. (1907) pp. 483-602 (2 pis. and 6 figs.). 



