ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, KTC. 95 



forms are grown, in drier climates depauperate forms. For instance, 

 Riccia ylauca can be changed in six weeks to a form extremely like 

 R. tiaitans, while R. hifurca kept in a dark damp chamber can in a 

 week become the Warnstorf " species " R. subscripula. The author is 

 cultivating a great number of such forms, which are generally regarded 

 as species. 



Distribution of certain Liverworts of the Malay Region.* — D. H. 

 Campbell publishes the results of his own investigations on this subject, 

 and adds to these the observations of others. The following are the 

 main points : — Ricciaceaj are only poorly represented in the Malay 

 district (six species) ; three are from Java, one also from Amboina, 

 while one, R. canalkulata, is cosmopolitan. Targioniace^ are represented 

 by one species, T. dioica Scldffn. : Cyathodium is widely distributed 

 through all Malaya (three species), also Fimbriaria. Marchantia is often 

 found in large quantities, the commonest species being M. emarginata 

 and M. geminata ; M. polymorpha seems to be absent from the region, 

 although it has been given as occurring there. Plagiochasma is repre- 

 sented by only one species, P. appendimlata, from Manila. Diimortiera 

 is characteristic for the region. D. trichocephala extends as far as 

 Hawaii ; it even occurs on Mt. Mattang, in Sarawak, at a height of 

 600 m. in some quantity, but only in a very limited space, and nowhere 

 around. Two other species of Dumortiera are found. Wiesnerella 

 dstmdata {=W. Javanira Schiffn.) extends to Japan and Hawaii. 

 Metzgeria and Aneura are widely distributed in the tropics. The large 

 species A. maxima and ^4. gigantea occur in the region. Podomitrium. 

 has one species in Sarawak and Luzon ; and Pallavicinia is well repre- 

 sented. The author found also a species of Symphyogyna. Galycularia 

 species are commoner in the district than is supposed. Makinoa and 

 Treuhia are poorly represented. Calohryam Blumii was found in Western 

 Sumatra and New Guinea. The regions richest in liverworts are 

 indicated. 



Three critical Scandinavian Liverworts. f — H. W. Arnell and 

 C. Jensen have made careful examination of original specimens of the 

 liverworts here discussed, and come to the following conclusions : — 

 Martinellia squarrosula Lindb. {Scapania squarrosula Lindb., 1852) is 

 only a very impoverished submersed form of M. purpurascens. 

 C. Jensen collected a similar submersed form at Gribso, on Sjaelland, 

 as well as all stages between this form and almost typical M. pur- 

 purascens, which grew on stones above the water. 



Gephalozia affinis Lindb., 1882, is, as K. Miiller has already discovered, 

 an excellent species whose nearest ally is G. media. The authors correct 

 the hitherto accepted descriptions. The lowest portion of the perianth 

 is composed of two strata, and the cilia at the mouth of the perianth 

 are shorter than as figured by K. Miiller. Riccardia fuscovirens Lindb., 

 187S, is degraded to a variety of R. pinguis, since the characteristics 



* Jahrb. wiss. Bot. Pfefier-Pestband., Ivi. (1915) pp. 365-73. See also Bot. 

 Centralbl., cxxix. (1915) p. 579. 



t Bot. Notiser, 1915, pp. 179-90 (figs.). See also Bot. Centralbl., cxxix. (1915) 

 p. 671. 



