ZOOLOGY AND HOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 191 



nothing but rails, except for the Parridje and Apterygidae ; Apterkola 

 possibly indicates the type of Ischnoceran parasite that existed upon the 

 Dinornithidae ; the Mallophaga of the remaining Ratitoe have nothing 

 in common with those of Apteryx. The inference drawn is that Apteryx 

 (possibly along with Dinornis) must be regarded as more closely akin to 

 the Ralli than to any other living birds. Subsidiary deductions are that 

 the Parridag are ralline rather than limicoline, and that the Ralli are 

 probably deserving of ordinal rank. The probability of affinity between 

 Apteryx and Ralli has been hinted at by Fiirbringer and argued for ])y 

 Gadow, in both cases on morphological grounds. 



Mouth-Parts and Suction in Schizoneura lanigera.* — J. Davidson 

 deals with the mouth-parts and associated structui-es in this Aphis. 

 He gives a clear account of the way in which the plant juices are con- 

 veyed into the pharynx and then passed through the oesophagus into 

 the stomach, and of the way in which the secretion from the salivary 

 glands is forced by the salivary pump into the tissues of the host plant. 

 It may be, considering the extreme minuteness of the suction canal, 

 that the ascent of the cell-sap along this canal is largely due to 

 capillarity, and that the addition of the saliva causes the surface-tension 

 of the sap to be lowered, thus facilitating its ascent up the suction- 

 canal. 



Leaf-hoppers of Maine.f — Herbert Osborn gives an account of the 

 Jassoidea of Maine, leaf -hoppers of minute size, that affect cereal and 

 forage crops, fruit and garden crops, and forest trees. They usually 

 rest with the legs drawn up well to the front end of the body, and in 

 position for immediate jumping. When disturbed they take long leaps, 

 which may carry them for several feet or enable tliem to take wing. 

 Those frequenting grasses rise in a swarm as one passes along. The 

 leaf-hoppers proper belong to the families Tettigoniellidae, Jassidie, 

 Bythoscopidae, and Typhlocybida^, which are dealt with in turn. They 

 are to be distinguished from the frog-hoppers, Cercopidae, by the 

 structure of the hind tibias, these being slender, prismatic in section, 

 with two series of small spines along the border, while iu Cercopid^ 

 there are two or three spines along the tibia, but a wide circlet 

 or crown of spines at the tip. 



Remarkable New Lamellicorn4 — Gilbert J. Arrow describes the 

 male of Xenadopm horneensis g. et sp. n., a new Lamellicorn from 

 Sarawak. It belongs to the small group of Aclopinre, hitherto known 

 only from the southern part of South iVmerica and the northern part of 

 Australia — two widely separated regions which have remarkable resem- 

 blances in their fauna. The small beetle now described differs little 

 from Phdenoynatha and Aclopus in the essential features of the group 

 (the peculiar development of the mandibles and labrum, the reduction 

 of the maxillge and labium, and of the number of joints in the antenna) ; 

 it differs entirely as regards other characters common to all the hitherto 



• Journ. Linn. Soc, xxxii. (1914) pp. 307-30(2 pis. and 2 figs.). 



t Maine Agric. Exp. Station, Bull. No. 288 (1915) pp. SI- 159 (85 figs.). 



i Ann. Nat. Hist., xvi. (1915) pp. 317-19. 



