ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY. ETC. 225 



blackens the collar or neck of the attacked plants and rotting of the 

 tissues very soon follows. Watering the soil with formalin is recom- 

 mended. 



P. C. van der Wolk * describes a wound parasite of Manihot 

 utilissima that appeared in the gardens at Buitenzorg and threatened 

 considerable damage, but was finally checked by applications of tar. The 

 cause of the disease was discovered to be a new species of Stagonospora 

 that spread with great rapidity in the wood and bast elements. 

 Artificial cultures on rice were successfully made, and the development 

 of mycelium on pycnidia. Endospores were formed within the 

 mycelium either singly, in rows, or in masses. 



R. S. Hole t describes the ravages of Trametes Pini in India, where 

 it is mainly confined to Ficea pxceha. Infection usually takes place by 

 wounds by means of wind-borne spores. He recommends clearing 

 away all diseased trees, and care in closing any wounds, and also the 

 planting of mixed woods as giving less opportunity to spread of any one 

 disease. 



A disease of lime-trees due to the fungus Glmosporium UUaecolum 

 has been long known on the Continent, and has appeared recently in a 

 garden at Bearstead, near Maidstone, Kent, and is described by E. S. 

 Salmon^ It attacks leaves, petioles and young shoots, and even the 

 inflorescence and the young bracts. Well-defined spots indicate the 

 diseased areas, and these are dotted over by the dark pustules of the 

 fungus. 



Gr. Arnaud § reports the appearance in France of Sderospora macro- 

 spora on wheat. The specimens were in the last stage of the disease as 

 far as the leaves were concerned ; the awns also showed distortion. 

 The fungus is known to attack various other grasses. 



A severe attack of MoniUa cinerea is described by J. Chifflot and 

 Massonat 1| in the Department of Isere. It affects standard apricot trees 

 just after flowering, causing the death of the twigs which it attacks. 

 Methods of treating and preventing the disease are recommended, mainly 

 the removal and burning of all diseased branches, etc. 



W. N. C. Belgrave IT records a disease of Mangosteens due to 

 Zignoella Garclnide. It causes canker in the bark, which may encircle 

 and kill the branches, and finally the tree. The pycnidia of a species 

 of Hendersonia are often found associated with cankers, and are probably 

 part of the fife cycle of Zignoella. Felling the (diseased trees and 

 carefully burning all diseased parts is the only means of treatment. 



James R. Weir ** publishes notes on the fungi that attack the Jack- 



* Mycol. Centralbl., v. (1914) pp. 225-30 (10 figs.). See also Bot. Centralbl., 

 cxxix. (1915) pp. 31-2. 



t Indian Forest Records, v. (1915) pp. 159-84 (7 pi.). 



X Gard. Chron., Iviii. (1915) pp. 193-4. 



§ C.R. Acad. Agric. France, i. (1915) pp. 429-35 (2 figs.). See also Bull. Agric. 

 Intell. Rome, vi. (1915) pp. 1407-8. 



II Rev. Horticole, Ixxxvii. (1914-15) pp. 540-1. See also Bull. Agric. Intell. 

 Rome, vi. (1915) pp. 1409-10. 



f Agric. Bull. Federated Malay States, iii. (1915) p. 229. See also Bull. Agric. 

 Intell. Rome. vi. (1915) p. 1410. 



•* Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric, No. 212 (1915) 10 pp. (1 pi. and 4 figs.). See also 

 Bull. Agric. Intell. Rome, vi. (1915) pp. 1410-12. 



