ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 399 



Similar results were obtained in the nitrogenous reserves — i.e. the 

 greater the amount of sugar-solution absorbed the greater the nitro- 

 genous reserve — but the results were less well-defined and were not 

 in anv definite proportion. The anatomy of tubercles grown under 

 these conditions varies considerably from that seen under normal con- 

 ditions. The normal tubercles show a clear distinction into two 

 zones — a secondary parenchyma traversed by numerous vessels, and 

 a narrower zone occupied by the cambial layer and the external fibro- 

 vascular bundles. This distinction disappears in the tubercles grown 

 in the sugar-solutions ; not only are the bundles more regularly 

 distributed, but the constituent parts are also modified. In some cases 

 the vessels assume a special form, having a lignified membrane with 

 very accentuated pits, while in others they are reduced to simple 

 parenchymatous stands with a thin cellulose membrane, capable of 

 functioning as reserve-tissues. This modification in structure appears 

 to be directly due to the amount of sugar absorbed in the neighbourhood 

 of any particular cell or vessel. 



CRYPTOGAMS. 



Pteridophyta- 

 (By A. Gepp, M.A., F.L.S.) 



Pteridospermeae.* — L. Grandori describes a mesozoic pteridosperm- 

 seed — Liaspermum dissectum, and discusses its affinity with palteozoic 

 and living forms. It is very near to Lomatopteris jurensis (Kurr) Sch. 

 And reasons are given for regarding Macrozamia Moorei as a species 

 with primitive characters, which ally it to Bennettitales on the one 

 hand, and to Pteridospermese on the other. A morphological study of 

 it is being prepared by C. Gr. Chamberlain. 



The same author f discusses the affinities of the fossil Pteropsida 

 under the following heads : — 1. The fossil ferns, isosporous and 

 heterosporous. 2. The Pteridosperme^e — various types of stem, frond, 

 reproductive organs. 3. Other Pteridospermeaj. 4. The affininity 

 among the various forms of Pteridospermeas, and their affinity with 

 the ferns, Cycadales, Cordaitales, Bennettitales respectively. 5. Con- 

 clusions. 



Morphology of Phyllog-lossum.l — K. Sampson has reinvestigated 

 the morphology of Fhyllof/Iossum Drummondii, and finds that the 

 annual tuber is, in fertile plants, a modified branch — a conclusion 

 which is supported by the following facts : 1. xl gap is left in the stele 

 of the main axis by the exit of the vascular strand of the tuber. 



* Atti d. Accad. Sci. Veneto-Trentino-Istriana, viii. (Padova, 1916) pp. 107-16 

 (1 pi. and figs.). 



t Atti d. Accad. Sci. Veneto-Trentino-Istriana, viii. (Padova, 1916) pp. 163-95 

 (figs.). 



X Ann. Bot., xxx. (1916) pp. 315-31 (5 figs.). 



