ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 387 



in the cuticle which may possibly be regarded as " lateral organs." 

 Another new species is Dolioholaimas vaJlentini, which agrees well in 

 essential points with the type-species, D. marionis de Man. 



New Nematodes Parasitic on Insects.* — J. H. Merrill and 

 A. L. Ford, while investigating the life-history of the elm-borer Saperda 

 tridentata and of the Termite Leucotermes lucifagus, found a new 

 Xematode parasitic in each. These were submitted to X. A. Cobb, 

 who has described and figured them in this paper, naming the parasite 

 of the elm-borer Diplogaster labiata and that of the Termite Diplogaster 

 serivora. The former infests the intestine of the elm-borer in such 

 large numbers that it interferes with its natural functions, rupturing 

 the walls of the canal. It escapes into the general cavity of the insect, 

 and thus causes its death. The length of the adult female is 0"66 mm. 

 and of the male 0*72 mm. The other Xematode is parasitic in the 

 head of the Termite, causing its death only when heavily infested. The 

 adult female is 1*5 mm. in length and the male 0'8 mm. The eggs 

 of D. JaMata, the authors state, hatch in from thirty to thirty-two hours, 

 and are deposited singly, while those of D. derivora hatch in about 

 eighteen hours and are deposited in groups. D. lahiata is the longer in 

 maturing and mating, usually mates but once, and its period of 

 oviposition lasts about two days : while D. serivora mates repeatedly, 

 and its period of oviposition lasts about thirteen days. Plentiful food 

 acts as a stimulant to reproduction. Both species moult. Figures of 

 the two species, from the agg to the adult, occupy three pages. 



Platyhelminthes. 



Larval Trematodes in Medusoids.f— Marie V. Lebour finds that 

 Medusoids (Obelia sp., Gosmetira pilosella, Turrts pileata and PJtiaUdium 

 hemispherkimi) are at times abundantly infected with the larval stages 

 of Pharyngora hadllaris, which Xicoll found free in tow-nettings. The 

 adult is a common parasite of the mackerel. The larva was also found 

 clinging to the inside of the stomach of the Ctenophore, Pleiirobrachia 

 2)deus, but this was the only host other than a Medusoid on which it 

 was observed. Tliis points to genuine parasitism. In most cases the 

 larva was found clinging to the manubrium or stomach wall, but some- 

 times it was simply under the umbrella. There seems to be no encysted 

 stage. It is probable that a Mollusc serves as first host. The larval 

 form observed is very like the adult. 



Life-history of Lecithodendrium chilostomum.f — K. I. Skriabine 

 has found that this Trematode, found in the intestine of the bats of 

 central Europe, has for its intermediate host an insect, a species of 

 Phryganea, and that it attains sexual maturity in the body of the inter- 

 mediate host. It occurs inside a protective cyst. "When the insect is 

 devoured by the bat, the cyst is doubtless got rid of. The eggs will 



* Journ. Agric. Research, vi. (1916) pp. 115-27 (3 figs.), 

 t Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc, xi. (191G) pp. 57-9 (1 fig.). 

 • X C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, Ixxviii. (1915) pp. 751-4. 



