544 



SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



patterned objects against plain backgrounds and against patterned 

 backgrounds. He illustrates the occurrence of conspicuous patterns in 

 nature by reference to Indian Lepidoptera. He submits a graphic 

 classification oT coloration according to utility : — 



COLOUE 

 AND 



Pattern 



Unrelated 

 TO THE Visual 

 Perception op 

 OTHER Animals 



Related 

 TO the Visual 

 Perception of 

 OTHER Animals 



For the absorption of Light Rays 

 For the absorption of Heat Rays 

 Excretory Products, etc. 



Inconspicuous 



to 

 other Animals 



Conspicuous 



to 



other Animals 



To the eyes of) 

 enemies i 



Protective colora- 

 tion 



To the eyes of ' 

 prey 



Aggressive colora- 

 tion 



To the eyes of 

 friends 



}' 



To the eyes of 

 enemies 



Attracting and 

 repelling and 

 warning colora- 

 tion 



To the eyes of i To allure prey, as 

 prey j in Mantidse 



To the eyes of \ Social signals 



friends 



Sexual signals 



Cranial Nerves of Anolis carolinensis.* — W. A.Willard has made 

 a detaiFed study of the cranial nerves of this North American Hzard. 

 All the typical nerves are present except the spinal accessory. The 

 ganglia of v, vii, ix, and x are distinct, and the roots issue by inde- 

 pendent foramina. The ophthalmic ganglion shows no fusion with the 

 other portion of the Gasserian ganglion. There is a wide distribution 

 of sympathetic ganglion cells along the afferent rami of the cranial 

 nerves, sometimes forming definite ganglia. There seems to be a 

 typical Sauropsidan type of sympathetic system in the head. The 

 course of the somatic sensory, somatic motor, viscero-sensory, and 

 viscero-motor components is described. There is a relative reduction of 

 the somatic sensory nerves. The morphological character of the fibre 

 of different components is sufficiently differentiated to form types 

 peculiar to each component. The distinction in character appeared to 

 be less than that described for the lower groups of Vertebrates, but 

 there was considerable individual variation in the size of fibres. 



The skin is well supplied with special tactile organs, which are more 

 abundant along the jaws than elsewhere. These organs are quite 

 generally, if not always, covered by a thinned plate of the horny layer 



BuU. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, lix. (1915) pp. 17-116 (7 pis.). 



