ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 549 



polar globules have no appreciable period of activity, and the first germ- 

 cell is seen at the fifth segmentation. In P. berlesei the oocyte of the 

 first order shows no distinct oosome, and there is only one polar globule. 

 In Anaphoidea luna the ovum has no oosome, the nature of the body 

 called " nucleolus " is obscure, polar globules are formed in the partheno- 

 genetic and in the fertilized ova, tlie germ-cells are not distinct until the 

 end of the blastoderm stage. 



Polyembryonic Development.* — Patterson finds that in Copidosoma 

 gelechiae, a Hymenopterous parasite of the SoUdago gall-moth {G/iori- 

 moschema gaUsesolidagonis), the ^^g gives rise to about 191 individuals. 

 The Qgg divides into embryonic primordia. The polygerm divides into 

 several spherical primary masses, and these into secondary masses. The 

 larvEe destroy the soft parts of the caterpillar. As males and females 

 emerge from the same caterpillar, it is probable that two or more eggs 

 are laid in the same host. 



Sense-organs on Mouth-parts of Honey-bee.t — N. E. Mclndoo has 

 shown that bees have likes and dislikes in regard to food, and that they 

 discriminate keenly, e.g. between candies containing strychnine and those 

 containing quinine. All foods scented with peppermint are repellent to 

 bees. Lime-sulphur and kerosene are strong repellents. Among acids 

 formic acid repels least and carbolic acid most. Various kinds of honey 

 are distinguished. 



Two general types of sense-organs were found on the mouth-parts, 

 viz, innervated hairs and innervated pores ("olfactory pores"). The 

 innervated hairs, spine-like and peg-like, are probably tactile exclusively. 

 The pores are identical in structure with those on the legs, wings and 

 sting. 



The gustatory sense in bees seems only to be a phase of the olfactory 

 sense. No sense-organs were found connected with the alimentary tract 

 between the pharyngeal plate and the honey-stomach. The innervated 

 hairs described are not suited for taste. Bees smell their food, but it is 

 sometimes necessary to dissolve the food about the mouth before the 

 odorous particles are given off. Perhaps it is most accurate to say that 

 the highly developed olfactory sense in bees serves for olfactory and 

 gustatory perception combined. 



Solitary and Social Wasps of Africa. | — E. Roubaud has made a 

 very interesting study of tropical wasps, with special reference to the 

 evolution of social life. 1. The first chapter is represented by some 

 Sphegid^e and Pompilidae. The mother-wasp paralyses victims, accumu- 

 lates tiiem for her larvag, but has nothing more to do with the brood. 

 2. The second chapter is represented by some Eumenids of Tropical 

 Africa. The mother brings paralysed booty day by day to the larva, 



* Biol. Bulletin, xxix. (1915) pp. 333-72. See also Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc 

 XXXV. (1916) pp. 70-7. 



t Smithsouian Misc. Collections, Ixv. (1916) No. 14, pp. 1-55 (10 figs.). 

 I Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.) ser. 10, i. (1916) pp. 1-160 (32 figs.). 



