ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 577 



are as follows : — -A number of remarkable anomalies occnr, which 

 represent the end of a series of variations, the intermediate forms Ijeing 

 perhaps missing. The anomalies in external form occur principally in 

 the appendages (horns) of the cellulose-covered Geratlum cell. Abnor- 

 malities have been observed on all the three or four horns. The 

 posterior horns appear to be most often affected. The various al)normal 

 variations occurring in each of the four horns are described. Combina- 

 tions of malformations have also been observed. The numerous forms 

 of anomalous growth may l)e grouped as follows : — 1. Extreme difference 

 of length of single horns. 2. Extreme difference of direction of the 

 same. 3. Abnormal distribution of substance on certain regions of 

 the body. 4. Aplasia and hypoplasia. 5. Hyperplasia (outgrowths, 

 forking, duplication). The first three of these groups are somewhat 

 atypical, the last two more typical. As regards the etiological side of 

 these form-anomalies, nothing has been definitely established. It is 

 probable that the callus-like thickenings of the cellulose shield at the 

 horns has a traumatic origin. Many malformations are probably 

 connected with the process of division (regeneration, super- regeneration). 



Carteria Fritschii.* — H. Takeda gives an account and figures of 

 Carieria Fritschii, a new species of flagellate fresh-water alga found at 

 Keston (Kent) in May, 1915, and cultivated for six months. It is 

 remarkable for the thickness of its outer cell-membrane, and also for 

 the much-developed gelatinous inner cell-wall, the unevenness of which 

 often prevents the protoplast from conforming with the contour of the 

 cell. It is a small ovoid organism with four radiating flagella, and 

 contains a single chromatophore, a conspicuous pyrenoid, a stigma, two 

 contractile vacuoles, and a nucleus. It has a forw^ard or a slower back- 

 ward movement at will ; and it shows an affinity with C. multifiUs 

 (Fres.) Dill. It is reproduced by longitudinal division of the mother- 

 cell in one or in two directions. 



Chlamydomonas sphagnicola.f — F. E. Fritsch and H. Takeda have 

 further investigated the green flagellate alga previously described as 

 Isococcus sphagnicolus, and have come to the conclusion that it does 

 not constitute a distinct genus, but is a somewhat peculiar species of 

 Chlamydomonas. It was found first at Keston (Kent) and subsequently 

 in Richmond Park. It is rather large, more or less ellipsoid, with a 

 very thick cell-wall (the outer layer firm, the inner layer gelatinous and 

 four times as thick), having at the anterior pole two papilla3, or a single 

 papilla which is usually l^ilobed — one of the most striking features of 

 the plant. The flagella are about one quarter longer than the cell. The 

 chromatophore is single ; the pyrenoids four or more, and conspicuous ; 

 the stigma conspicuous ; nucleus central ; contractile vacuoles two ; 

 propagation by longitudinal division of the mother-cell into two, four 

 or eight parts. 



* Ann. Bot., xxx. (191G) pp. 369-72 (figs.). 

 + Ann. Bot., xxx. (1916) pp. 373-7 (figs.). 



