403] ANOPLOCEPHALIDJE — DOUTHITT 53 



The genus Aporina remains distinct in that the testes cross the excre- 

 tory ducts on the side in which the pore would be, if one were present. 

 The testes of Bertiella and most species of Andrya are anterior; 

 those of Andrya occupy almost the entire median field except for the 

 space above the ovary. Those of most species of Schizotaenia and at 

 least some species of Anoplocephala are mainly posterior ; and for Citto- 

 taenia and Moniezia they are posterior in all cases where one can judge. 

 However, Andrya translucida has the testes posterior and two species 

 of Schizotaenia have them mainly anterior. It is therefore impossible 

 to form any final conclusions as to the paths of evolution in this regard. 

 In looking however for the type that has the most generalized distri- 

 bution of testes, attention is at once attracted by the conditions found 

 in Andrya. Here, especially in Andrya primordialis, is found a near 

 approach to a distribution that could give rise by suppression to any 

 distribution found in the subfamily, with the exception of Aporina. 



3. The Vaginal Pore and Vagina. — The position of the vagina and 

 vaginal pore with reference to the cirrus pouch appears from these 

 studies to be the most stable generic character. In Aporina and An- 

 drya the vaginal pore and vagina are directly posterior to the cirrus 

 pouch, which position is primitive among cestodes. In Bertiella the 

 pore and vagina are either posterior or somewhat dorsal. In Anoplo- 

 cephala the pore is ventral to the pouch, and the vagina is ventral, 

 and for at least the lateral half of its length is not posterior. In 

 Cittotaenia the pore and vagina are ventral but may be at the same 

 time posterior also. In Moniezia they are ventral to the pouch on the 

 right side and dorsal on the left and usually they are also somewhat 

 posterior. In Schizotaenia both vagina and vaginal pore are directly 

 in front of the cirrus pouch. The evidence provided here points to the 

 conclusion that the three genera first mentioned are the most primitive. 



4. The Ovary. — Two types of ovary can be distinguished. In one 

 the lobes radiate in all directions in the horizontal plane from the point 

 of attachment of the oviduct; in the other the lobes radiate from a 

 transverse bar, which forms the basal part of the ovary. The second 

 type is perhaps the only one found in Anoplocephala and Schizotaenia, 

 and it is present with modifications in Moniezia and Cittotaenia. The 

 first type is typically represented in Andrya. Unfortunately most 

 of the drawings of species of Bertiella and Aporina are obscure 

 on this point. At any rate the character is not of much systematic 

 importance because the two conditions are not very distinct from each 

 other and are obscured by modifications. 



5. The Excretory ducts. — Nothing is known as to the excretory 

 ducts of Triplotaenia. Bertiella and Moniezia have the dorsal ducts 



