COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA . 23 



Ixxiy, of a horny, consisteaoy ; these are the "spiraohis " and form 

 tlie openings to the hreatliing-tubes (vide figure 2). 



II 



ISome butterfly lurvie (PI. 1, figs. 1 — 18 ; Pi. II, tigs. 19 — 31) have 

 the body destitute of luiirs, others have few but never dense enough 

 to hide the surface and the majority have a covering of hairs so mi- 

 nute as to be hardly visible to the unaided eye. Be it noted that we 

 are talking of hairs ■ and not spines; there are many spined larvae. 

 No butterfly larva has hairs arrranged in tufts or pensils (vide PI. II, 

 tiff. 36 or fig. 39) or dense enough to obscure the surface like those 

 of numerous moths. The butterfly sub-family of the Aforphince is 

 unique in India in having caterpillars which might be called really 

 hairy, being covered with fine erect hairs somewhat plentifully dispos- 

 ed all over the body, not all regularly placed ; but even here the pat- 

 tern of the skin is quite evident and they can be recognised for what 

 they are by the distinct neck, the cylindrical pseudo-legs placed well 

 under the body and straight, and the last segment ending in two well 

 separated points [vide PL I, fig. 3). Many larvse of the Lyccenidce 

 (Blues) are covered with minute star-topped semi-transparent hairs, 

 others have a fringe of simple ones along the ventrodorsal margin 

 (Figs. 21 — 27 of PI. I represent larvse of this family) : among the 

 Pieridoe (Whites) the genus Anaphoeis has a similar fringe, Z)eliax 

 eucharis (PI. I, fig 17) has a few long whitish hairs all over the body, 

 single, but arranged absolutely regularly 'four or five to each segmen 

 sub-dorsally, dorso-laterally and some round the spiracles. Thus all 

 larvpe with a furry covering and pencils and tufts of hair are moth larvaj, 

 and there are many. On the other hand there are many butterfly 

 caterpillars provided with spines, branched [vide PI. I,figs.ll and 10) and 

 simple (PI. I, fig. 9,)but very few such belonging to moths. Examples 

 of spiny moth larvae are few ; contained in one section of the wood 

 Jouse-shaped Limacodidce (with pseudo-legs replaced by transverse 

 folds of skin) with fleshy processes covered with irritant spines (PI. 

 II, fig. 40) ; the notodontid Tarsolepes possesses a caterpillar with long 

 -imple spines ; there are few others. Fleshy ]n'Ocesses are found in 



