22 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XIX. 



engaging under the retinaculum, or, in the female, of a double or 

 multiple bristle or tuft of hairs always finer than in the other sex {vide 

 PI. JI, figs. 42 and 42a). There are moths without these attachments 

 but none of these have clubbed antennse {vide figure 1). 



s s 



Fig. 2.— Larva {Vanessa). l,head; 2—4, tho- 

 racic segments ; 5 — 14, abdominal seg- 

 ments : a, true leg ; h, proleg. 



The butterfly larva may be worm-shaped or spindle-shaped or 

 may have the appearance of a wood-louse (onisciform), this last 

 form being confined to the family of Blues or Lyccenidce and being 

 characteristic of it {vide PI. II, figs. 21 to 28). They all possess a 

 head armed with jaws and the usual mouth-pieces fitted for the 

 mastication of vegetable substances and sometimes provided with 

 horns, spines or tubercles. It is always connected with the body 

 by a well-defined neck. The body is composed of 14 segments, 

 including the head, which are, as a rule, plainly discernible with 

 the exception of the last but one which is often rather obscure. 

 These segments may be set with spines, isolated hairs or fleshv 

 processes of various shapes. There are always three pairs of 3-jointed 

 true legs (persisting in the butterfly) attached one pair to each 

 of the three segments following the head : and five pairs of simple 

 fleshy false legs, " pseudo-legs " or '* prolegs," attached one pair 

 to each of the segments 7, 8, 9, 10 and 14. These false legs are 

 conical in shape ending each in a short cylindrical foot, the sole of 

 which is set with minute hooks for holding on with : the anal pair 

 (on segment 14) are called " claspers." All the segments from 2 to 

 13 are more or less broadly hoop-shaped, the 14th or anal segment 

 being more or less conical, generally ending in a curve, sometimes 

 finishing off" square, sometimes running out into a pair of thin, pointed 

 processes {SatyrincB and Elymniince, vide PI. I. figs. 1 and 2). Just 

 above the base of the leg on segments 2 and 5 to 12 (in the corres- 

 ponding position on the legless segments) there is a small, centrally 

 situated oval surface, often of a different colour to the rest of the 



