CO.U.MO^ BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAIXS OF INDIA. 45 



B. Forewing upperside, male, a single short line in 



the same position. Exp. 3"-4" core. 



C. Forewing upperside, male : a more or less circular 



rather large silky Ipoking spot in the same 



position. Exp, 4" hollari. 



The silkv streaks in the first are about lOmiu. in lengtli by 

 Imni. ill breadth, in vare the line is only omm. in length and very 

 narrow, in kollari the spot is about 3mm. in diameter. E. core is 

 fioured on Plate E, fi<i;. o5, but the brand or sexmark between veins 

 1 and 2 is not perceptible : this is a mistake of course in the picture. 



Other butterflies of this sub-family are figured on Plate E. : D. aglea. 

 (fig. 32), D. limniace (fig. 33), 1). ehrt/sippns (fig. r4). 



There are forty-six well-defined species of the Danahice found in 

 British India according to Colonel Bingham. And there may be 

 more as he treats many forms as races which up to the present time 

 have been looked upon as good species. Only seven of his species 

 come into these papers and, of these, five are widely distributed, while 

 two {E. coreta and E. kollari) are confined to the sea-coast south of 

 Bombay, though kollari is also said to occur in Bengal and Orissa. 

 Danais chrysippus is very common everywhere, extending even to 

 Europe westwards ; Euplcea core exists throughout India as do also 

 D. plexippus and TK limniace ; D. aglea is found in Mysore and the 

 Southern Mahratta ( Jountry. Many of the Burmese Euploea are shot 

 with blue. 



The danaine insects are all protected by smell in the imago state as 

 has already been pointed out, as well as by the construction of their 

 bodies to resist pressure. The males of nearly all species are distin- 

 guished by the possession of " male-marks " on the fore or hind wings. 

 flestia has no such marks. Danais has them only on the hind wing 

 where they take the form of a pocket below vein 2 near its origin or 

 patches of scales near the ends of veins la, 1 and 2. Euploea has 

 them on both wings or only on one pair according to the species ; 

 they consist of silky streaks or brands on the forewing over the inner 

 margin ; a single short streak, two longer parallel streaks or a single 

 r>pot or blob, on the hindwing they take the form ot a patch different 

 from the rest of the wing in colour about the subcostal vein. In 

 this last genus also the males have paired tufts of hair, yellow or 

 greenish in colour which they can protrude i'roin the last segment of 

 the abdomen. These tufts have a pronounced scent. 



