COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA . 43 



vertex of each lobe, sometimes also when round {Zijurlis) when tlie 

 two points may be so close together as to seem one {hetUe) {vide 

 PI. I, figs. 1 and 2). 



3IoRrHiNES. — Cylindrical larviT,^ covered with long hairs (unique 

 in this amono- Butterflies) though never thicklv enouoh to obscure 

 surface when full grosvn : surface soft and smooth otherwise : two tail 

 points. Head broadly heart-shaped, narrow side uppermost, in Disco- 

 phora, slightly two lobed. In some species the head is ornamented 

 with horns, but none of these come into these papers [vide PI. 1, fig. ^')). 



LiBYTHEiNES. — Cylindrical with, however, the head and last seg- 

 ment rather narrow ; surface roughened with tranvserse rows of very 

 short bristles not very visible to the eye. Head round with a some- 

 what shallow and broad central depressed line {Libi/thea myrrlia). 



AcR.CiNES. — Cylindrical in shape, the body armed with spines as in 

 rlie typical Nymphalines. Head smooth, round, rather small. The 

 chrysalis is also similar to that of the nymphaline Ergolis. 



Nymphalines. — Cylindrical typically, the body armed with spines 

 in the arrangement of which, as well as in the relative size, there 

 is considerable variety. The head rather large with a pair of horns 

 or not. The Neptis group have smooth larvpe with pear-shaped 

 lieads, one section without processes to any of the segments, (N.viraja), 

 another with fieshv dorso-lateral growths on segments o, 4 and 12, 

 representing the spines of the typical section, there being often consi- 

 derably developed tubercles on other segments as well. The Apatnra 

 group has naked larv?e with tail points and horns on the head. The 

 <^karaxes group have fusiform larv^e like Apatnra^ but the tail points 

 are very short, the anal end is more broadly square and the head is 

 very large and ornamented with four horns which remind one strongly 

 of bison-horns in Ch. imna and Ch. xchreiheri, though they differ with 

 the species a good deal. The caterpillar of C;jr6stis is extremely 

 abnormal in shape : fusiform with rugose surface and a long fleshy, 

 erect process dorsally on segments (J and 12, the former curved back, 

 the latter forward, both with serrated hinder edge ; the head is smooth 

 with two horns, stout at the base and separated by a narrow sinus, 

 slightly divei-ging at first, rhen strongly curved outwards becoming 

 pointed at the ti])s, recalling the shape of the horns in some of the wild 

 sheep. The genera Dophla, Eufhcdia have a peculiar larva with a pear- 

 shaped, large, smooth head and cvlindrical bodv ornamented with a 



