42 JOURNAL. BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XIX. 



as a defence against attack : they are, as might be consequently in- 

 terred, rather difficult to kill by pressure, sham death when caught, 

 are slow, weak fliers ; T. violce rarely rises much above the ground 

 and and generally keeps a straight course. Lihythea myvrha is a 

 forest butterfly but is fond of the sun : it flies little and never for any 

 distance but is fond of basking on leaves of trees and dead twigs with 

 the wino;s closed over the back and the front wdngs sunk far 

 within the hinder pair ; when in this position on a dead twig the 

 insect looks very like a piece of dead leaf, the colour and shape 

 of the wing abetting in the deception. The Satyrines and 

 Morphines are all insects of the shade, shunning the sun and fre- 

 quenting the undergrowth in forests. Grass and thickets in 

 open country harbour several species of the former, though the 

 section mostly affects the jungles : the latter are never found 

 in the open away from bamboos and trees. The majority of the 

 former are weak fliers, never rising far from the ground and fly 

 only for a short distance at a time, to settle again shortly amongst 

 dead leaves or in a dark place on the surface of the earth. The 

 genus Lethe is an exception to this, for they fly fast, often rising high 

 among the trees when disturbed and resting on tree-trunks and 

 branches high up. Discophora, representing the Mo7'phmce, frequents 

 the high jungles as a rule, is an extremely powerful flier, rivalling 

 herein the strongest of the Nymphalioes (^Charaxes, Doleschallia, &c.) 

 in pace and the length of time it will remain on the wing. The 

 caterpillars of the different subfamilies are very dissimilar, though each 

 one has its own characteristic type with the exception of the Nym- 

 phalince where some of the groups diff'er in the larval form from one 

 another quite as much as any of the subfamilies. These larvae may 

 be classed as follows : — 



Danaines. — Cylindrical larva? with smooth surface, provided with 

 two to four pairs of thin, fleshy subdorsal tentacles ; generally banded 

 transversely. Head smooth, shiny, round, marked with spots or 

 bands {vide PI. I, fig. 8). 



Satyrines. — Fusiform larvae with, generally, a rough surface; often 

 with longitudinal stripes ; always ending ia two tail points which are 

 sometimes closely applied to each other to form apparently one 

 (Lethe). Head square or round, generally divided into two lobes by 

 a depressed central line : when square always with a point or horn on 



