COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 41 



Of these six sab-t\iinilies, three contain only one genus each 

 and two of these genera are represented only by :i single species that 

 will come into these papers. The three sub-families are Acrceince, 

 l.ihijtheinai and Jforphince, the first represented by Telchhua violcc 

 (PI. E., figs. 31 «& old), the second by Libijtlu-(x myrrha shown in 

 woodcut fif. '). There are three species of Morphince mentioned, all 

 verv similar to each other and the males of the tln-ee are distinguished 

 from all other butterflies by having a large circular patch of oily 

 lookinf scales in the centre of upperside of hindwingSo As regards 

 the remaining three sub-families, the ytjmphalincc can be recognised 

 hv the character of the total want or the obsolescence of the discoidal 

 nerA-ules, leaving thus only two groups between which to distinguish. 

 The Satyrines are, with one single exception, all earthy-brown in 

 colour with or without some white markings, and have generally eye- 

 marlvs on them. The exception is Elymnias caudata, the female of 

 which is tawny and very like Danais plexippus on the wing, with the 

 apical white band and black veins, the male is black-purplish as to 

 forewinofs and tawnv on the hindwinos : both have small tails to the 

 hindwins: which distinouishes them at once from any danaine insect. 

 The Danaines are all either black-brown with white markings along 

 the margins {Euploca), black with many bluish grey-streaks {Danais 

 agleaixndJj. limniace) or tawny with black markings and a white 

 apical band {Danais plexippus and D. chnjsippus and their varieties.) 

 These last also have all a disagreeable smell, are very difficult to kill 

 by ordinary pressure and their wings are covered with a scaling 

 which is not nearly so easily damaged, specially in the streaked light- 

 coloured species, as in other kinds of butterflies. Three species of 

 Danais and one of Euploea are figured on Plate E., figs. 32 to 35. 

 The Danaines and Nymphalines are nearly all sun-loving insects, the 

 former are slow and weak of flight, the latter strong on the wing and 

 rapid in their movements ; none of them are confined to the plains 

 and by far the larger number are purely hill and forest species. 

 TelcJiina violce is as often seen in the dryest and hottest part of India, 

 i.e., Sind, as it is in the regions of heaviest rainfall preferring, in 

 both places, hilly ground to absolute flat plain : it and one other Hima- 

 layan species {Pareha vesta, F.) are the only two Indian representa- 

 tives of the large African familv of the Acroiince : the insects are 

 all protected by a disagreeable smell caused by a yellow juice exuded 

 6 



