38 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XIX. 



in the fore wing forked or coincident beyond 

 the cell. 

 a. Precostal nervure of hindwing present. 



a^. Front pair of legs imperfect in one or both 

 sexes. 

 a". Front pair of legs impei'fect in both 



sexes Nymphalidae. 



h'. Front pair of legs imperfect in male, per- 



feet in female... NemeobidsB- 



&\ Front pair of legs perfect in both sexes. 



a- . Vein la in hindwing wanting, claws simple. FaPiUonidSB- 

 6". Vein la in hindwing present, claws bifid.... Pieridae. 



h. Precostal nervure in hindwing absent,... LycSSZlidse- 



B. Antenna) wide a^art at base ; hind tibiae generally 

 with a medial as well as a terminal pair of 

 spurs ; all the veins in the forewing from base 

 or from cell, none forked or coincident beyond.. HesperiidSB. 

 As a matter of fact the above six divisions will offer very little 

 difficulty, for the insects composing them are of widely different 

 facies or appearance. The IJesperiidce or Skippers can be placed 

 at once by the peculiar shape of their antennae with few excep- 

 tions ; a glance at Plates M. and N. probably will suffice to show that 

 they differ in general appearance from all other butterflies. The 

 very characteristic markings of the underside of the wings in the 

 Lyccenidoi or Blues will separate them off from the other families, 

 although the colour and facies is, as a rule, sufficient for that purpose. 

 Plates G. and H. will prove this. The J^ymphalidoi can at once be 

 recognised by the character given in the key of imperfect legs in 

 both sexes ; they are the only butterflies that possess it. The 

 Nemeobidce will offer no difficulty as the family is represented by 

 only a single species of a single genus coming within the scope of 

 these papers : it is Abisara echerius, Stoll. and is depicted on Plate F., 

 figs. 40 and 40a. The remaining two families, the Swallowtails and 

 Whites [Papilionidoe and Pieridoi) have the legs all perfect and are 

 thus separated from the Nymphalidm : nobody could for a moment 

 mistake one of them for a Blue or a Skipper. In these papers there 

 are only two Swallowtails, the ground-colour of which is white and 

 both have long narrow tails ; the ground-colour of nearly all Whites, 

 on the contrar}^ is white and none have tails: some of them are 

 white with orange tips to the forewings, a few are salmon-pink ; all 



