50 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XIX. 



up to the shoulders ; the dorsal portion of the thorax or segment 3 is humped 

 suddenly from the hinder margin and gradually falls in the dorsal line in a 

 curve of a quarter circle to the front of pupa ; this front or head is trans- 

 versely square, rounded at right angles to its breadth and has a small conical 

 tubercle at each end in front of each eye ; laterally the pupal breadth is 

 rapidly narrowed from shoulders to these tubercles. The surface is smooth 

 and shining. The colour is green among green leaves but may be pinkish 

 bone-colonr when pupation takes place in a box, &c. ; when green the ridge 

 on segment 7 is silver with black beading, there is a gold tubercular spot on 

 each shoulder, a golden spot on each side immediately behind apex of thorax, 

 one on hinder margin of eye dorsally, one at base of each antenna, and one in 

 centre of each wing ; four black spots ventrally before cremaster, which is 

 also black. L. l5-5mm.; B. at segment 7 where it is broadest 7*5mm. ; H. at 

 same place 8"5mm. 



Habits. — The egg is laid singly on the underside of a leaf and the 



larva always lives there ; when it first emerges it makes its earliest 

 meal of the eggshell, after which it eats tender leaves, old leaves, 

 stalks, any part of the plant that is eatable, voraciously, growing 

 accordingly. Wanders to pupate fixing itself firmly to the underside 

 of a leaf, twig, «&g., for the purpose. The imago is not a butterfly of 

 the open plains, preferring the vicinity of forest, woods and places 

 overgrown with bush and scrub. Compared to D. chrysippus it is 

 an insect of regions of good rainfall. It has the weak danaine flight 

 and associates with other Danais and Euplcea in migrations and at 

 Crololaria as mentioned above. It is not often seen at flowers. It 

 is found throughout India, in China and Malay. The food plants of 

 the larva are Asclepiads of the genus Ceropegia, mostly creepers of 



small size growing in the underwood. 



2. Danais hegesippus, Cramer.— Male and female like D plexippus, but 

 for the gi'eater extent of black on the apical half and margins of forewing ; the 

 preapical white band is divided into spots. The hiridwing is all black with the 

 cell and intervals between veins beyond it streaked with white. On the under- 

 side the ends of the white streaks of hind wing are washed with yellowish and 

 there are additional white streaks in interspaces 6 and 7. Exp. 70-78 mm. 



The insect is found in Bengal, extends to Tenasserim and the Nicobars, 

 Malacca and Sumatra ; there are intermediate forms between it and the last in 

 the Malayan region though not in India ; nothing is known of the transform- 

 ation, though the larva and pupa are sure to be very similar to those of 



D. plexippus. 



3. Danais chrysippus,. X. (PI. E, Fig. 34)— Male and female: forewing 



tawny, darker towards costa ; apical third and costa narrowly black with one or 

 two white spots on latter, another sometimes at end of cell, an oblique preapical 



