146 JOURNAL, BOMB A Y NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XIX. 



meniioued which cannot be expressed in words but may be written " squeaky 

 squeak." Another note sometimes, though rarelj-, heard sounds Uke " gea- 

 gluck." Although the berries of Viburnum fuitens and other shrubs are the 

 staple food of this Bulbul, it is, to a great extent in the breeding season, at 

 any rate, insectivorous, and is often seen flycatching from the tree tops in the 

 evenings. In the non-breeding season it is very gregarious and is often seen 

 in flocks of 20 or BO. It was very numerous at Murree but not common 

 in the Gralis, 



284. Molpastes leucocjenys (The White-cheeked Bulbul). — On the 29th of 

 April I saw a pair of " White-cheeked Bulbuls " on top of the ridge in Murree. 

 Whether they nested on the hill or not I cannot say as I never saw them 

 again. This is a very rare species at this elevation. 



323. Sitta leucopsis (The White-cheeked Nuthatch). —The squeaky note of 

 " The White-cheeked Nuthatch " as it perches on the highest twig of a dead 

 Fir tree flicking its wings and jerking from side to side has been well described 

 by Mr. C. H. T. Whitehead as " Pain " " Pain '' pronounced like the French for 

 bread. A common double note also is " Bawain " " Bawain " pronounced in 

 the same way. It was by no means rare in Murree. 



366. Acrocephalus dumetorum (Blyth's Reed-Warbler). — In the thick scrub 

 on the south side of Murree ridge " Blyth's Heed- Warbler " was common and 

 the song was to be heard till the beginning of June. I did not find any nests 

 and do not think they bred this year in this neighbourhood as till the rains 

 broke in July, there was practically no water on the hillside except at the 

 water-taps and in the tank on top of the hill. In a normal year, however, I 

 think it possible that they do breed about Murree, being, as is well known, the 

 least aquatic of the genus. The song, although pretty in parts, has a good deal 

 of the spitting, sputtering noise in it, so peculiar to the Acrocephali. 

 The alarm note is a " chak " •' chak." This little bird skulks much in thick 

 scrub. 



402. Sylvia affinis (The Indian Lesser White-throated Warbler.) — Towards 

 the end of May " The Indian Lesser White-throated Warbler " became fairly 

 common on the south side of Murree. I found one nest on the 28th of 

 May which was deserted before the eggs were laid. It was built of fine grasses 

 in a bush on the hillside. There were evidently several other nests about 

 the bungalows. The song of this White-throat is a rapidly repeated 

 " Gajikaju gajikaju gajikaju " followed by a rapid " chivychirri chivychirri." 

 The alarm note is very similar to that of the last species. 



424. AcantJiopneuste ihagnirostris. (The Large-billed WilUow-Warbler) — 

 The nests of " The Large-billed Willow-Warbler " were only in the building 

 towards the latter half of June. When out with Captain Skinner one day at 

 Dunga Gali, an incomplete nest was found under the roots of a fallen tree. At 

 Changla Gali two other nests had been located by Captain Skinner's searcher 

 who subsequently obtained the eggS ti^gie. My ear could never catch the very 

 high pitched notes of this Warbler, but both Colonel Buchanan and Captain 



