COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLA INS OF INDIA . 447 



liy aa extra outer white ring ; on the hind wing a curved series of seven similar 

 •ocelli with a white band bordering them on both sides, the first and fifth from 

 oosta largest, the fourth and fifth generally coalcscent. A large bright ochra- 

 coous spot posteriorly on the hmdwing in the male. Antenna;, head, thorax 

 and abdomen brown. The male has the following sex-marks : above the dor- 

 sum of underside of fore wing there is a patch of specialised scales on a satiny - 

 white area ; facing this, on upperside of hindwing, near costa, there is a patch 

 ■of specialised scales covered by a pencil of long hairs. Exp. 44-52 mm. 



Larva. — Body spindle-shaped as for the sub-family, rather stout in the mid- 

 dle, the head large as compared with segment 2, the anal end finishing in two 

 short, conical, fleshy points, close together at origin, then diverging slightly. 

 The head is squai-e, thick, with swollen cheeks and is broadest at the jaws ; each 

 lobe is surmounted by a triangular, short, stout, laterally compressed tooth : 

 the two teeth separated widely at bases and divergent ; surface of head and 

 ■teeth very finely rugose and extremely minutely haired ; a pair of largish tuber- 

 cles behind the teeth on margin of head, perhaps three. Surface of body is 

 covered with small tubercles and finely haired. Spiracles roundly oval, dull 

 black. Colour of body is dull dark-brown with a lateral row of about seven 

 ^lighter brown diamond- shaped markings caused by diagonal lateral lines ; on 

 each segment 5-13 there is, laterally, a central small, white tubercle bearing no 

 hair. L. 28 mm ; B, 3 mm. 



Pupa. — It is a dumpy little pupa : with a smooth surface at first sight ; with, 

 a trapeze-shaped head, straight and sharp-edged in front, the lateral corners 

 angled : segment 2 short ; dorsal line of head, segment 2 and front half of seg- 

 ment 3 is nearly perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of pupa ; the thorax is 

 humped, slightly carinated in dorsal line and short, evenly convex ; a distinct 

 shallow constriction behind thorax ; abdomen stout, circular in transverse sec- 

 tion, higher at segment 6 than apex of thorax, segment 7 being the highest and 

 broadest part of body : wings very slightly expanded in parallel lines along 

 their dorsal margins : the cremaster is short and square with two large lateral 

 round tubercles on each side of base and is fixed so that the pupa hangs very 

 much inclined towards the surface it is suspended from. Spiracles of segment 

 2 linear ; others oval, raised. Surface of wings and body minutely and irregu- 

 larly pitted ; subdorsal low tubercular rising on segments 5-9, some white, low 

 rounded tubercles on wing-surfaces. Colour bluish dark-green, dorsal line 

 of wings, cremaster and front margin of head broadly red-brown. The 

 ventral line of wings is slightly convex, not straight. L. 11*5 mm ; B : G mm. 

 Habits. — The egg is laid on the underside of a blade of grass, gene- 

 rally a soft grass, in the jungles among the undergrowth or on the 

 •edge of a path or clearing. The larva, emerging, keeps to the under- 

 -iile of the blade or low down on a stalk, lying often with its head 

 turned back on its side, holding on only with the prolegs. The 

 pupation takes place on the underside of a blade, from a perpendi- 

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