COMMON BUTTEIi FLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 455 



bead is darker-green than the body with a broad white cheek-stripe flanked in. 

 front by a narrow black line ; jaws yellow ; sometimes the head is suffused 

 mere or less with black ; horns dark vinous-red. The head is much broadei- 

 than segment 2. Spiracles oval, small, red-brown. Surface of body covered 

 with transverse rows of smooth, round, white hair-bearing tubercles, about 

 six rows to each segment, there being a depressed line between each row ; the 

 liau"s are erect, colourless and short. The ventrum has similar hair-bearing 

 tubercles but they are sparse. Colour of body is a bright yellowish grass- 

 gicen with a dark-green dorsal line and an indistinct lateral yellow line : ven- 

 trum slightly glaucous-green. The dorso-vcntral margin is ever so slightly 

 Hanged. L. 3'Jmm. over all ; B. 6mm. ; L. ot horns 2mra. 



Pttpa. — Chrysalis like that of Lethe but without angulations of any sort. 

 Tlie head is square in front, the edge being sharp ; the front slope is nearly 

 perpendicular to longitudinal axis, the lateral lines diverge towards shoulders. 

 Segment 2 is convex, broad, less inclined to longitudinal axis than head, its 

 front and hinder margins distinct. Segment 3 has its front slope in the game 

 plane as segment 2, the apex is evenly convex and very slightly carinated in 

 the dorsal line, the hinder slope is nearly at right angles to front slope and 

 nearly parallel to the longitudinal axis of pupa. The shoulders are slightly 

 prominent. The ventral line is nearh" quite straight throughout its length. 

 The pupa is circular in transverse section from segment 4 to anal end, of the 

 same breadth from shoulders to segment 8, though there is a slight constriction 

 at segments 4-6, gradually thinning to end ; highest at thorax-apex ; stoutest 

 at segment 8. The cremaster is inclined towards ventral hue, cylindricaily 

 oblong with a dorsal depressed line and ventral extensor ridges joining be- 

 hind in a point. Spiracles linear, reddish, small ; those of segment 2 not 

 evident. Surface of body very finely transversely lined, naked, shiny. Colour 

 a uniform watery grass-green ; wings veined darker : cremaster bluish. L. 

 21mm. ; cremaster l-7mm. ; B. at segment 8, 7-75 mm.: B. at shoulders, 7mm.-. 

 H. at front of head, 3mm. ; H. at thorax-iipex, 7*2ram. 



Ilahks, — The egg is laid on the underside of a blade of grass or 

 rice either singly or in a row of from 2 to 7 : the lan-a, emerging^ 

 lives constantly on the underside, closely applied to the surface ; the 

 I'Upation takes place by suspension from the under-surface of the leaf 

 or a twig, &c., by the tail, free but firm, hanging perpendicularly 

 • lown. The pupa when touched wriggles from side to side moving 

 from the abdominal segment-margin H-IO, making at each change 

 '»f position, or at each wriggle, a knocking noise. The butterfly has 

 a very wide range being found in Africa .«^outli of a line joining 

 Ashanti to Abyssinia, in Madagascar, Mauritius : is common throughout 

 India and Burma and extends through the I\Ia!ayan Kegion to Aus- 

 fi-.ili;i. The insect is as plentiful In India in the hills as in tlic plains. 



