COM.yON DDTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 4r,'.> 



In the dry season the sexes have the forewing more falcate than in the wet 

 season. Upperside • ground-colour a warmer richer brown, the terminal margins 

 broadly ashy : the orange-yellow patch on forewing much ifirger. subtriangukr. 

 inwardly extending almost to the apex of the cell, outwai-dly sometimes to the 

 iipex and termen of wings ; subapical black spots, bearing a white spot on their 

 outer margins, small but always present, completely surrounded by the orange- 

 yellow. Hindwing with one or two white spots near tornus. Underside very 

 variable as in all species of the genus. Antenna; brown marked with ochrace- 

 ous-yellow in the male ; head, thorax and abdomen dull brown. 



Jfabits. — The transformations of the species are unknown. The 

 butterfly was first caught at Pachnuiri in Central India and has never 

 lieen oot anywhere else. 



33. Ypthima philo mela, Johan7iseJi.— (P\. F, fig. 39) Male and female: 

 Upperside brown, terminal margins of wings broadly darker. Forewing with a 

 slightly oblique bi-pupilled, comparatively large, yellow-ringed, black ocellus 

 near apex. Hindwing with generally two similar but smaller postdiscal 

 posterior ocelli. Underside ochraceous-white, closely irrorated with delicate 

 slender transverse brown strias ; both fore and hindwing with obscure subter- 

 minal transverse brown fasciaj : sometimes wanting. Forewing with the ocellus 

 as on upperside, but with the yellow iris broader, surrounded by an obscure 

 brown ring. Hindwing with six unipupilled similar but smaller ocelli more or 

 less in echelon in pairs ; tornal ocellus geminate. Antennae, head, thorax and 

 abdomen brown, paler beneath. The male has a sex-mark in the shape of a 

 patch of specialised scales on upperside of forewing which may be extensive 

 and dark in colour. Exp. 32-35mm. 



In the dry season the upperside is similar to the wet-season form but paler, 

 tiie sub terminal dark bands less distinct. Underside also similar, the ground- 

 colour more dusky ochraceous, the brown strife somewhat diffuse ; ocelli on 

 underside reduced to mere specks. The species is figured on Plate F, fig. 39. 



Larva. —The shape is spindle-shaped with a round head slightly larger every- 

 way than segment 2, last segment ending in two short, stout, conical points 

 separated squarely at bases and slightly diverging ; the belly is flattened. The 

 head is round, somewhat flattened on vertex, thick, with a depressed line down 

 centre ; finely rugose on surface being set sparsely with rather long conical 

 tubercles on the vertex and shorter ones on cheeks, each tubercle surmounted 

 by a hair ; face sparsely set with erect hairs. Spiracles oval, small and black. 

 Body surface covered rather thickly with tiny white tubercles, each surmount- 

 ed by a short, light hair and interspersed with larger white tubercles each 

 bearing a longer brown hair ; all the tubercles disposed in transverse rows as 

 Qsual. The colour of body is dull lightish yellow-green ; head and tail-points 

 light watery reddish-brown. Some specimens are pinkish-brown all over with 

 lateral and spiracular light waved lines : the interspace between these lines 

 being striated parallel to them ; also a subdorsal indistinct waved line and a 



