COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. C61 



pair originating half way up side and more or loss straight, reaching just 

 beyond vortex of head and directed outwards at an angle of 45° with 

 dorsal line of head ; the middle pair also straight at first, curved inwards 

 at tips, longer than head, is high, double the length of outside pair : both 

 pairs of horns spiny along outside and inner edges, the spines on outside of 

 lower pair continued on to cheeks to the number of three ; between inner 

 horns are two small points ; all spines are small, simple and sharp ; colour of 

 head is green, striped paler longitudinally, jaws reddish, eyes black, head 

 and horns covered with small, low, shiny, smooth tubercles, largest on horns. 

 Body surface covered thickly with minute white tubercles. Spiracles of 

 ordinary sizL-. Colour of body a dark yellowish green, the belly light green; 

 legs yellow : on segments 2 and 3 is a narrow yellow band along hinder 

 margin continued on to base of leg by a broader white one; segments 4-11 

 with nearly always a diagonal whitish band from hinder margin dorsolaterally 

 to front margin below spiracle and thence on to base of pseudo-leg of next 

 segment preceding it : these bands do not meet on dorsum, but the ends 

 are connected over back on each segment by a transverse row of small yellow 

 tubercles near the hinder margin of segment ; bands on segments 6, 8, 10 

 are considerably broader than those on other segments and are white bordered 

 anteriorly with black : most of them are more or less suffused with green 

 towards the dorsal region ; some of them may be faint or wanting, L. 

 41 mm.: B. 6 mm.; L. of middle horns : about 4 mm.; of outer : over 2-'j mm. 

 Pupa.- — Head square in front forming an edge that is slightly higher at the 

 ends than in the middle. The pupal breadth increases fi-om this edge up to 

 segment 7, the ventral line being straight, and is bent in very slightly about 

 the centre of wings; thorax, segment 2 and head have the dorsal line a 

 curve, starting at right angles to the ventral line and becoming, at hinder 

 margin of thorax, all but parallel with the longitudinal axis of pupa or its 

 ventral line after which the dorsal outline continues, slightly ascending to 

 top of segment 7, where the transverse section of pupa is a circle more 

 or less and the remaining portion, segments 8-14, amounting altogether to 

 little more than \ the total length of the pupa, forms a hemispherical piece 

 with the cremaster fixed slightly ventrally of the apex; this cremaster is 

 strong, rectangular and grooved above and below, is laterally buttressed at 

 the base and has the bunch of suspensory hairs at its extremity ; on each 

 side of each buttress is a small yellow-brown, spherical tubercle and one 

 more in front of each pair : in all six spheres, four at base of cremaster and 

 two in front : these last two nearly touching. Spiracles prominent, oval and 

 brown. The body is broadest at segment 7. The colour of the pupa is a yelloAV- 

 green, slightly darker on the wings, striped, banded and dotted with white ; 

 a double subdorsal striped and dotted white band, the central lines nearer 

 together on abdomen than on thorax and thinner ; a lateral and supra- 

 spiracnlar simillar band, the latter not produced on to thorax ; inner margin 

 of wings and underside of head also white and interrupted bands of white 



