668 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XIX. 



Larva. — Shape fusiform, head small, square with two long, straight 

 diverging, longly club-shaped rigid horns, one on vortex of each lobe in 

 the same plane as face, separated at bases by a triangular indentation of 

 vortex of head and set with two whorls of short spines, one at one-third 

 of length from apex, the other at two-thirds; the anal end with two long- 

 ish diverging, conical, horny caudal processes, separated squarely at bases 

 and simple, without spines. Head has the face slightly convex, marked on 

 each side with a longitudinal black line. Spiracles oval, inconspicuous, situat- 

 ed on the green line. Surface of body smooth, without hairs. Colour is 

 bright canary yellow with a lateral and spiracular sap-green band and a dorsal 

 row of 11 large sap-green spots, one on each segment 3-13, sometimes one 

 more, situated near the hinder margin of the segment ; horns shiny black 

 (rarely lighter), caudal points yellow, with internal side with a black line. 

 L : 46mm. over all, of which the tail-points: 4mm ; the horn : 6mm. 



Pupa. — The pupa is lengthened and laterally compressed, keeled along 

 dorsal line. Head with conical porrect point on each eye, separated by the 

 straight frons ; shape of head-piece trapezoidal ; thorax short, dorsally highly 

 carinated, convex ; another carination from top of eye runs up to just before 

 apex of this thoracic carina ; wings are slightly expanded from the prominent 

 shoulders to posterior margin of segment 5 in a sharp line ; the abdomen is 

 laterally much compressed and highly keeled in dorsal line ; the carination 

 starting from dorsal surface just after construction behind thorax runs up to 

 form a large, triangulai-, laterally compressed tooth on segment 7, which is the 

 highest part of pupa, whence the carina diminishes in height to anal end, each 

 segment 8-10 and 11 having a small carinal tooth dorsally as well as segments 

 5 and 6; greatest breadth is at shoulders ; the ventral line is straight from head 

 to end of wings, or slightly curved, the part thence to cremaster is also straight 

 but inclined to the other part at an obtuse angle, Cremaster triangular, 

 extensor ridges very strong. Spiracles of segment 2 not distinct ; rest oval, 

 raised, light in colour with a striated small boss under those of segments 9 

 and 10. Surface of pupa smooth, somewhat shiny, striated finely diagonally 

 on dorsum and transversely on ventrum. Colour green with the dorsal carina 

 tipped brown ; ventrum glaucous green. L : 21mm. ; B : 7mm. at shoulders ; 

 H : 8mm. at apex of carina on segment 7. 



UaJiits. — The egg is deposited on the underside of a leaf in a shady 

 spot in jungles, preferably near water or damp ground and low down, 

 up to 5 feet from ground. The larva lives on the underside of the 

 leaf on a bed of silk, always fully stretched, generally its face bent down 

 against the leaf-surface so as to bring the horns to point straight out 

 in front and two or three small ones are sometimes found on one leaf. 

 The pupa is formed, after wandering, on the underside of some leaf or 

 stick and hangs rigidly parallel to the surface, for which reason the 

 suspensory surface of cremaster is longer than broad. The butterfly 



