670 JOURNAL, BOMB A Y NA TUBAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XIX. 



Emperor butierfly. The body is limaciform, thickest in middle, decreasing 

 gradually to the narrow hinder end which terminates in two nearly parallel, 

 conical processes about 2 mm. in length bearing short hairs ; also decreasing to 

 segment 2 which is about the same breadth as body at segment 12 front 

 margin and about the same breadth as head though somewhat lower. The 

 head is nearly square but somewhat higher than broad : the face almost flat 

 each lobe surmounted by a stout cylindrical horn which is slightly longer than 

 head is high ; the horn has a few short, yellow spines before middle and is 

 bifurcated shortly at tip ; the horns are in the same plane as face and diverge 

 at an angle of 35° being somewhat widely and squarely separated at bases ; on 

 the hinder vertex of head between horns are two conical small red-brown 

 spines ; along the side margin in continuation with outside face of horn are 

 three sharp spines ; surface of head otherwise smooth and shiny ; colour of 

 head dark green with a long, narrow triangular, white clypeus, a white band 

 from base of each horn running down face along sides of clypeus to jaws, 

 another white band separating face from cheek, spines on horns and vertex 

 of head are tipped with black. Surface of body is dull and rough, each 

 segment set with seven transverse rows of minute, conical, yellow tubercles. 

 Spiracles flush, oval, rather large, light green with very narrow, shiny black bor- 

 der and a thin white central slit. Colour of body is dark green with a red spot 

 in the spiracular region of segments 3, 7, 10 and on the common margin of 

 segments 12 and 13, those on segments 7 and 10 larger than the other two; 

 the yellow tubercles each surmounted by a short hair ; a small brown dot 

 or two next each spiracle. L : 42mm. over all ; L, of horn : 5mm. ; of caudal 

 points 2mm, ; B of body at base of caudal points : l-5mm. ; across head : 4mm. 



In the first stage, after coming out of the egg, the larva has a very dark 

 chocolate-coloured head and a green body set with minute white, prominent 

 tubercles, each surmounted by a short, erect, light hair besides being 

 spotted obscurely with white in rows, most evidently on the front 

 segments of body. The head is round without horns of any sort, with a 

 deep, fine, impressed central line to apex of the ordinary-sized, triangular 

 clypeus where it splits, still impressed, to form the boundary of the latter ; 

 the sui'face is convex, finely honey-combed rugose. The tail-points are 

 rather long, stout, conical and diverging, with the flap between their bases, 

 L : 6mm. ; B : 0- 75mm. 



In the second stage the head has become square with two cylindrical horns, 

 as long as the head is high, one to each lobe-vertex, diverging strongly, 

 inclined slightly forward over the face-plane, coarsely bifid at extremity, with 

 some sharp tubercles on stems ; clypeus triangular, rather small ; surface of 

 head rugose with two thick, blunt tubercles on hinder margin below horn- 

 base ; surface shiny ; colour dark red-brown, except centre of clypeus which 

 is green. Body surface slightly shiny, the tubercles numerous : the spots of 

 last stage each surmounted by a hair : there are four transverse rows to each 

 segment. Colour of body green with a large yellow dorf-olateral patch on 



