COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PL/ INS OF INDIA. 073 



abdomen greenish brown, greyish beneath. Female similar, with similar mark- 

 ings above and below, the ground-colour on upperside paler, the greyish-white 

 patch on the upperside very wide at the costa, extending as a broad transverse 

 band with outer diffuse and inner sinuous margin right across the wing to vein 

 1; on the liiiidwing it is much narrower, Exp. 03-112mm. 



Larva. — Body limaciform, segments well marked, anal segment in a plane at 

 right angles to longitudinal axis : segments 2 and 3 being shorter than the 

 others, the former being the smaller and being much lower and narrower than 

 the somewhat large head. This head is equilaterally pear-shaped, face convex, 

 surface glabrous and shiny ; it is also thick. There are ten supraspiracular, long, 

 conical, fleshy processes, one to each of the segments 3-12 on each side extending 

 out all round the body and lying flat on the surrounding leaf-surface : all are 

 longer than the body is broad, those of segments 3 and 12 are directed out in 

 front and backwards respectively in a line with the body, those of segments 

 4 and 11 diagonally forwards and backwards respectively, the rest at right 

 angles to logitudinal axis of larva out side-ways : segments 1 and 2 are 

 therefore covered by the processes of segment 3, while those of segment 12 

 cover the two anal segments ; for all these processes are clothed throughout 

 their length with numerous fine spines, few spines, towards their extremities, 

 being longest and slightly recurved at tips : the majority of the spines are in the 

 horizontal plane of the processes but some short ones stick vertically up ; all 

 these spines are parallel more or less and longest towards centre of each process, 

 those of adjacent processes being interlaced for the basal halves of their lengths 

 so that the ventral margin of larva is only dimly visible. Two transverse rows 

 over dorsa of segments 4-12 of short, sharp, green tubercles behind the purple 

 mark. Head green ; body also green ; the spined or featherd processes are light 

 plum-coloured for the basal third of their length, followed by a white bit, then 

 more than half green with the extremities white ; the dorsal anterior halves of 

 segments 0-12 is plum-coloured (reddish brown-blue), the colour between the 

 bases of the processes and on the whole of segments 3 and 4 being fainter than 

 elsewhere ; on segment 5 there is hardly any of this colour at all ; on the plum- 

 colour of segments 8 — 12 there is a dorsal central white annular mark, more pro- 

 minent on segments 8 and 11 ; segments 4, 6, 7 have a white spot instead of the 

 annulus, also segment 13 ; segment 5 has also a small white ring on front margin. 

 The extent of purple marking, also the white, is variable and may be wanting 

 on some segments ; The larva is white in colour on emerging from the egg. L : 

 70 mm. over all ; 50mm. without processes ; B. : 50mra. with processes ; 10mm. 

 without. 



Pupa. — The pupa is an irregular 4-sided pyramid in shape standing on a base 

 formed by the plane passing through the spiracular lines on each side. The 

 abdomen at centre of segment 7 runs nj) into a point, the segment being 

 broad ; from this point one side of the pyramid runs down centre of the 

 segment on each side to base at spiracles, one side down dorsal line of pupa 

 towards thorax, the longest, one backwards to creraaster, short, very steep 



