COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 847 



equal in length to the subdorsal of segment 3 ; the rest of the lateral ones ai-e 

 all a good deal shorter and subequal : segments 18 and 14 have each a sub- 

 dorsal bunch of small spines ; besides the foregoing bunches there is also a 

 spiracular line of small spines from segment 8 to 12 as well as a subspiracular 

 pair of minute spines on the same segments. Spiracles small, oval, 

 black. Surface of body somewhat roughened. Color of larva is a dirty 

 grey, often inclined to chestnut-brown, always with blackish blotches ; 

 there is a thin white dorsal line on segments 2-4 ; the subspiracular bunch 

 of spines of segment 6 are whitish yellow and rise from a white patch ; all 

 pedicels and spines are yellow-brown -, segments 11 and 12 are light yellow 

 laterally ; abdomen lighter in colour than dorsum. L : 32 mm. ; B : 4mm. 



Pupa.- — The pupa is angular with flattened expansions on head and on 

 dorsal line of abdomen. It is of the Aihyma {vide PI. 1, fig. 10 a) type, but 

 is more curved in the longitudinal axis ; the head processes are bent forward 

 and the ventral line of wings is convex as well as that of abdomen. The head 

 and segment 2 together are nearly square seen from above, slightly broader in 

 front, with two processes proceeding out in front, one from each eye ; these 

 processes are thick at origin, dilated each into a triangle, flattened above and 

 below, the two touching at the inner basal angles (their apices being nearest 

 the head) so as to leave a circular space between the touching angles and front 

 of head, the bases of the two triangles (their free front edges') being in the 

 same slightly curved line at right angles to longitudinal axis of pupa ; these 

 processes are longer than segments 1 and 2 together. Segment 2 is fiat dorsally. 

 Thorax is slightly keeled in the dorsal line and is evenly convex ; its surface 

 somewhat bumpy ; the shoulder ridges running out, each, into a lateral short, 

 sharp point ; wings expanded somewhat from just behind shoulders, the 

 lateral edge being sharp, curved up towards dorsum of segment 5, then evenly- 

 down to end at segment 8. The pupa is broadest at segment 7-8. The surface 

 of each wing is somewhat concave in centre towards lateral edge of pupa. 

 The dorsal constriction behind thorax is prominent owing to segment 6 being 

 suddenly higher than segment [>: it overhangs segment 5 somewhat in fact, this 

 sudden height being produced by a somewhat large lateral tubercle and a low, 

 rough, dorsal carina or keel beginning at segment 6 and ending at segment 12, 

 its length separated into parts by the segment-divisions, these portions on 

 segments 10, 11, 12 being high, laterally much compressed and rectangular in 

 outline but low on segments 8 and 9 : the lateral tubercles, existing only on 

 segments 6, 7, 8 are flat dorsally and perpendicular to the segment surface as 

 to their lateral faces. Segments 12 and 13 are dorsally flattened and slope 

 towards the cremaster ; the cremaster is very broadly triangular, hollowed out 

 doi-sally owing to the prominent extensor ridges ; the ventral extensor ridges 

 also prominent. Spiracular expansions of segment 2 are small, round, some- 

 what spongy looking, golden in colour ; the other spiracles are rather large, oval, 

 brown. Surface of pupa slightly transversly creased- rugose with a few 

 isolated, very short, bright golden hairs ; a lateral coarse, low tubercle 

 10 



