COMMOS BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 861 



3 and 4 dorsaJly, but no processes except the abrupt ends of the ridge may be 

 called such. Segments 8-12 deciease gradually in diameter and the last has a 

 short, Oeshy, subdoisal (or dorso-lateral) tubeicle or piocess which curves 

 backwards, the two connected by a low ridge and set with short hairs. There 

 is a slight ridge subspiraculaily on segments 5-8. Segments 13 and 14 slope 

 quickly in the doisal line to the narrowly rounded anal flap. Segments 10-12 

 never rest on the suiface the lai\a is on. Body surface coveied with very 

 small, shortly setiferous yellow tubercles. Spiracles oval, black. The colour 

 is rosy brown suffused with smoky dorsally ou segnients 4-8 ; ridge dark 

 on the front face, yellow on top ; below a line from the lower anterioi 

 marginal corner of segment 8 to the base of the tubertks of segment 12, the 

 colour is deep velvety black-red which colour is that of the whole of segments 

 13 and 14; a smudge of same colour on lateral face of ridge of segment G ; 

 indistinct diagonal darkish bands laterally meeting on dorsum of segment 7 and 

 segment 8, running from base of prolegs of preceding segments backwaids ; on 

 the black red portions of segments 10- 12 there may be some bright large emeiald- 

 green raark^ which are not often absent ; there is a lightish dorsal line , belly a 

 little lighter than segments 13 and 14. L : 23 mm. ; B : 4'5 mm. at segment 4. 

 Pupa- The pupa is very similar in shape to that of liahinda (but broader) 

 and of Xeptin eurijnome. Head and segment 2, nearly square seen from above, 

 broader than long, produced at the two front corners into a ventrally flattened 

 triangularly pyramidal short, broad, stout point, directed out and foiwaids ; 

 the front of head is slightly concavely curved and rather deep dorsoveutrally ; 

 the dorsum of segment 2 is flat ; the wings are expanded giadually from the 

 shouldeis to segment 6, the lateral line somewhat concave in centre and 

 ascending gradually until it is higher than dorsum of pupa at that segment ; 

 thorax large, caiinated in dorsal line, ascending in that line from segment 2 to 

 the prominent though rounded apex, then descending rapidly to hinder maigin: 

 a slight dorsal constriction behind thorax ; wing surfaces inclined to each other 

 at an angle of 70° ; pupa highest at thorax-apex, broadest at segment 6 ; the 

 dorsal line descends from thoiax-apex to segment 6 front maigin, then rises 

 suddenly, to descend again gradually in a curve of a quarter-circle to ciemaster : 

 the abdomen is lowly keeled in the dorsal line, this keel being higher at the 

 hinder margin of each seginent than at the front margin of the succeeding one. 

 Ciemaster with stiong dorsal and ventral extensor ridges, triangular, at right 

 angles to axis of pupa. Surface smooth, u small boss at spiracle of segment 2 and 

 a subdorsal conical, sharp tubercle on segment 6. Spiracles oval, black, small pro- 

 minent. Colour dark red-brown to yellow-while, generally strongly suilused 

 with gold with a subdorsal gold patch or spot on segments 2, 3, 4, 5. L : l6mm. : 

 B : Smna. ; at segment 6, at head front : 4 mm. ; H. at apex of thorax : Gmm. 



Habitu — The eg^' is laid at the point of a leaf or leaflet. The larva, 

 enlarging, eats the midrib tree, attaching bits of leaf by silJcs ro tlie 

 rib which hang down loose, leaving the point of rib with a little wing 



