REVIEWS i6i 



relationships, the author holds that conclusions " must await a detailed 

 knowledge of the development of the ascocarp and of the morphology of 

 the sexual apparatus in a much larger number of species." A new group, the 

 Plectomycetes, is formed to include all Ascomycetes, not definitely Dis- 

 comycetous or Pyrenomycetous, i.e. the Erysiphales, the Exoascales, and the 

 Plectascales. 



The introduction concerns itself with the general morphology of the 

 Fungi and with their physiology, especially where it throws hght on their 

 saprophytism or parasitism. Such subjects as speciahsation, bridging 

 species, reaction to stimuh, the recent work of Blackman and Brown on the 

 method of entry of certain parasitic fungi into their hosts are all summarised. 

 Many of the illustrations are original, and the others are reproduced from 

 recent memoirs. The book meets a very real want and forms a welcome 

 addition to this excellent series. E. M. C. 



Cane Sugar. A Textbook on the Agriculture of the Sugar Cane, the Manu- 

 facture of Cane Sugar, and the Analysis of Sugar-House Products. By 

 Noel Deerr. Second (revised and enlarged) Edition. With illustra- 

 tions and coloured plates, [Pp. viii + 644.] (London : Norman 

 Rodger, 1921. Price 42s. net.) 



This is an essentially practical book written by one who has first-hand 

 knowledge of the subject gained by experience both on the plantation and in 

 the refinery. As implied in the sub-title, the agriculture of the sugar-cane is 

 also dealt wath, and, as a matter of fact, receives much fuller consideration 

 than is generally accorded this subject in similar books ; the first ten out of a 

 total of twenty-eight chapters are, in fact, concerned with the description of 

 the sugar-cane and its varieties, illustrated by a number of excellent colour- 

 plates, and the manuring, irrigation, husbandry, and diseases of the cane. 

 Then follow chapters devoted to the various processes employed in the 

 production of the sugar, such as extraction by crushing, and also the defunct 

 process of difiusion borrowed from the beet-sugar industry, defecation, 

 carbonation, sulphitation, filtration, sugar boiUng, etc., dealt with both from 

 the practical and the theoretical points of view, including mathematical 

 calculations deahng with the distribution of heating surface for maximum 

 evaporation effect, the methods of utihsation of steam, and an algebraical 

 analysis of the process of milhng. Factory control, methods of analysis, 

 molasses, utihsation of bagasse as fuel, and fermentation and distillation all 

 receive consideration, and the volume is brought to a conclusion with a 

 useful appendix of twenty-odd pages containing a bibliography, an index of 

 patents, and, last but not least, an historical conspectus. This latter will 

 probably appeal particularly to the general reader who wishes to obtain a 

 rapid survey of the history and development of the industry in addition to 

 consulting the book for the details of any particular process. Those particu- 

 larly interested in the natural laistory of the cane and its varieties, and in 

 the experiments which have been carried out on its propagation by sexual 

 and other means, will find an interesting and fairly exhaustive liistorical 

 account in Chapter IV. The book is very well got up and somewhat hand- 

 somely bound, and should form a valuable book for reference and general 

 information on the sugar-cane industry. 



ZOOLOGY 



Ocean Research and the Great Fisheries. By G. C. L. Howell. [Pp. 220, 

 with 3 charts, 20 plates, and 26 figures in the text.] (Oxford : at the 

 Clarendon Press, 1921. Price i8s, net.) 



Early in 1917 the reconstruction of the temporarily disorganised sea- 

 fishing industry was being anticipated. There was much activity at the 



II 



