REVIEWS 163 



will continue, of course, but it may well be that, as things are, it will never 

 again become what it was in August 1914 : a ready and " sure shield and 

 defence." To reconstitute it as such means that the organisation that, 

 with rare courage and faith, looked out from Fishmongers' Hall in the years 

 1917-1919 on a possible new world, will have to be set up again, and when 

 that happens our author will receive his reward. J. J. 



Lake Maxinkuckee, a Physical and Biological Survey. By B. W. Ever- 

 MANN, A.M., Ph.D., and H. W. Clark, A.B., A.M. [Pp. 1150, with 

 36 plates, of which 32 are coloured, and 24 figures.] (The Depart- 

 ment of Conservation, State of Indiana, 1920. Price $5.25.) 



This is probably the most extensive survey of a fresh-water lake that has 

 been made in North America, and will doubtless serve as a standard refer- 

 ence-book for a long time to come. The work was carried on under the 

 direction of Dr. Barton W. Evermann, well known as an ichthyologist, and 

 occupied a number of years. The fish in particular are very fully treated, 

 and this part of the report is illustrated by numerous plates. The physical 

 portion deals with the physical surroundings, the hydrography, tempera- 

 ture variations in water and air, and so on. The work is divided into two 

 volumes, of which the first contains the two sections mentioned above, the 

 mammals, the birds, the reptiles, and the amphibians. The second volume 

 treats of the insects, molluscs, crustaceans, leeches. Protozoa and Coelen- 

 terata, worms, sponges, land flora and aquatic flora. 



As the lake itself is typical of a number of the lakes of North America 

 and so the survey wiU be of considerable use in similar locahties, but not 

 only that : it will present to other scientists a very full picture of the con- 

 ditions, the flora and fauna of one of these areas that are so characteristic 

 of this part of the world. 



The authors are to be congratulated on bringing to such a successful 

 conclusion a piece of work involving the expenditure of a great deal of time 

 and labour. The Department also deserves congratulations, not only on 

 the splendid manner in which the books are produced, but also for their 

 foresight in instituting the survey and having it carried out. It is only 

 by making knowledge of this sort available that the conservation of the 

 resources of a country can be satisfactorily carried out. 



It is a book that should find a place on the bookshelf of all naturaUsts 

 and zoologists. C. H. O'D. 



Organic Dependence and Disease : Their Origin and Significance. By 

 John M. Clark, D.Sc, LL.D. :Pp. 113, with 105 figures.] (Yale 

 University Press ; Oxford University Press, 192 1.) 



The author has dealt with this subject from a palseontological point of 

 view: that is to say, he has studied the evidence of the palaeontological 

 records of animals living together in various way^ from the earliest times. 

 It is of course well known that the fossils of one animal bear clear evidence of 

 other forms intimately related to it, but it is probably not generally realised 

 how extensive this evidence is and how many different species had other 

 species living with or on them. The various types are described clearly 

 and illustrated by very good figures, and the author has laid other workers 

 under a debt for the way in which he has done this. 



As he himself points out, he does not use the term Disease in the way 

 in which it would be employed by a physiologist or pathologist, for obviously 

 we can have no exact knowledge of the interference with the normal func- 

 tions of one animal that were brought about by another. In fact, he 

 appears to regard the adaptations, degenerative or otherwise, undergone 

 by the " parasite " as evidence of disease. In our opinion the discussion 



