296 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



Gowland, Emeritus Professor of Metallurgy at the Royal College of Science ; 

 Prof. W. Hallwachs of Dresden, best known for his work on photo-electricity ; 

 Prof. J. C. Kapteyn, For. Mem. R.S., the astronomer ; Prof. O. Lehmann, 

 of liquid crystal fame ; Dr. W. H. R. Rivers, psychologist and anthropologist ; 

 Mr. F. W. Sanderson, Head of Oundle School ; Ernest Solvay, the famous 

 industrial chemist ; Dr. C. W. Waidner, Head of the Heat and Thermometry 

 Divisions, Bureau of Standards, U.S.A. ; Dr. A. R. Willis, lately Assistant 

 Professor of Mathematics at the Royal College of Science ; Prof. W. Wislicenus, 

 Director of the Chemical Institute of the University of Tiibingen. 



The Howard N. Potts gold medal of the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, 

 has been awarded to Prof. E. G. Coker, of University College, London, for 

 his photo-elastic method of determining the distribution of stress in structural 

 and machine members. Prof. Coker recently gave an account of the applica- 

 tion of this method to determine the stresses produced in a material while 

 it is being shaped by a cutting tool. The method is based on observations 

 made on models constructed of transparent materials. Numerous tests 

 have shown that the measurements made on models cut from transparent 

 celluloid represent very accurately the stresses in metals. These determina- 

 tions are made possible by the application of circularly polarised light, when 

 a mere inspection of the projected image of the sample under test reveals 

 at once the places under the greatest stress, and at which failure is most liable 

 to occur. Side by side with the image of the model that of a piece of celluloid 

 of the same thickness, but under definite load, can be projected. The load 

 can then be varied to match the colours obtained in the different parts of 

 the stressed model, from which the stress at the different points can be 

 computed. The facts thus brought to light are of considerable importance 

 in engineering, indicating at once the points of maximum stress and liability 

 to breakdown. 



The Commissioners of the Exhibition of 185 1 have this year, for the 

 first time, instituted Senior Studentships of the value of ;^400 per annum, 

 tenable for a maximum period of three years, for students in this country 

 instead of the well-known exhibitions awarded with such excellent results 

 in previous years. The first award is as follows : Mr. A. E. Ingham (mathe- 

 matics) and Mr. C. E. Tilley (geology), both of Cambridge ; Mr. G. T. R. Hill 

 (aeronautical engineering) of the University of London, University College ; 

 Mr. J. E. Jones (mathematics), University of Manchester; Mr. J. S. Buck 

 (chemistry), University of Liverpool. 



The scheme for the institution of a number of Fellowships to commemorate 

 the work of the late Sir William Ramsay is now in full swing. The Trustees 

 announced the award of no fewer than nine Fellowships at the end of July 

 as follows : A Fellowship of annual value of ;^30o tenable for one year but 

 renewable for a second year to Mr. R. W. Lunt, of the University of Liverpool, 

 and of University College, London. Mr. Lunt will continue to undertake 

 Chemical Research at University College, London, on Chemical Effects of 

 Electromagnetic Waves over the Frequency Range 10^ -lo^ cycles ; the Glasgow 

 Ramsay Fellowship of ;^3oo to Mr. John Alexander Mair, of Glasgow Uni- 

 versity, who will continue his research on the Chemistry of the Terpenes ; 

 a special Fellowship of ;i^3oo for one year to Mr. William Davies, who has 

 already held a Ramsay Fellowship for two sessions and whose work, especially 

 that on the preparation of synthetic reagents from the toluic acids, shows 

 special promise. The Danish Ramsay Fellowship has been awarded to Mr. 

 Kristian Hoejendahl, of the University of Copenhagen, who will pursue 

 his research in the University of Liverpool. Two Swedish Ramsay Fellowships 

 have been awarded to Dr. J. O. G. Lublin, and Mr. A. W. Bernton respec- 

 tively. Two Norwegian Ramsay Fellowships have been awarded to Mr. D. 

 Nickelsen, who will work at the Imperial College of Science, and Miss Milda 

 Prytz, who will work at University College, London. The trustees have placed 



