NOTES 443 



Azores. Later, in the same ship and also in the Azores' waters, 

 the Prince developed many new appliances for dredging at 

 various depths, and first began to use his submarine electrical 

 lamp, by means of which he attracted fish into his traps sus- 

 pended at varying depths. On his fourth cruise to the Azores, 

 besides making many captures at depths ranging from 20 

 and 30 metres to 2,200 metres, he visited and explored some 

 14 lakes in the islands, of which 13 had never been investi- 

 gated before, and 5 had not then been incorporated in any map. 

 Many of the specimens dredged from the sea, as well as all 

 the apparatus he had designed for oceanographical research, 

 were shown in Paris in the Exhibition of 1889 in the Section 

 of Monaco. 



In 1 891 the Prince made a trial trip in his new steam-yacht 

 built for him in London. This, the first Princess Alice, was 

 a three-masted schooner with auxiliary steam. The ship was 

 especially designed for marine research, being equipped 

 with three laboratories for zoological, oceanographical, and 

 photographic work. It was further provided with a power- 

 ful electric searchlight of 10,000 candle-power for investigations 

 carried on at night. From this boat soundings were made to 

 a depth of 6,000 metres without difficulty. 



In 1892 the Prince laid before the Academy of Sciences 

 at Paris a project for establishing high and low level meteoro- 

 logical observations in the Atlantic Ocean on a large scale, 

 proposing that weather stations should be established on the 

 Azores, Madeira, the Canaries, Bermuda, and the Peak of 

 Teneriffe ; while Monaco should act as centre for the collec- 

 tion and distribution of information obtained. 



To these tasks the Prince brought his intimate knowledge of 

 every technical detail connected with the sea and its investi- 

 gation, and by the use of the machinery he had perfected he 

 was able to add largely to our knowledge of the distribution 

 of deep-sea animals. Moreover, he added many new species 

 to the Atlantic fauna. Most of these were obtained in baited 

 traps, a development of the lobster pot, sunk to varying depths, 

 which we owe to the Prince's scientific zeal. In the traps 

 many species were taken which had invariably eluded the 

 trawl or dredge of the Hirondelle. Illustrations of some of 

 these forms and of the apparatus he used, and of two of his 

 ships, the Hirondelle and the Princess Alice II, are given in 

 Nature for June 30, 1898, in an article written by the Prince 

 giving in a condensed form the difficulties he encountered and 

 the way he overcame them. Here he points out that the 

 most unknown regions of the sea and the least easy to explore 

 are the intermediate depths, between the surface and the 

 bottom, for the animals that live therein are very active 



